Vladimir Alekseevich Zernov Biography

Member of the expert editorial council of the journal of AO Work of the expert to read the number traditionally, going to new borders, we conduct a kind of inventory of the achieved. Also, I can’t help but say about what we were going on all this time - about preparing for the summer of our victory in the Great Patriotic War. And the victory, as you know, is also based on the patriotism of the people, a military feat of military and scientific achievements of civilians.

And all this can also rightfully be considered the result of the activities of employees of the education system in the USSR. In the future, these results include grandiose successes in space, nuclear industries, as well as in the social sphere. Which of these challenges seem the most significant? For example, still criteria for evaluating the activities of scientists and universities do not motivate them too well.

We talk too much about the support of scientific schools, but we continue to do this based on the control figures of admission, and not on an integral assessment of the quality of the university.

Another problem area - the efficiency of the university’s work is evaluated not according to the technologies developed by it, but in the mastered resources. The most significant challenges are due to the fact that we have taken as the basis for the development of the country technological sovereignty. But in order to solve this problem, it is vital for us to increase the competitiveness of our graduates, as well as to make the same “big leap” in the science that we did in E, E, the years when our technologies were recognized as the most advanced in the world and are still used by them.

Therefore, in the development strategy of education, it is necessary to prescribe these positions, setting the goal of achieving world leadership in a number of scientific fields, primarily in mathematics in which we are always strong. Another call is connected, alas, with a low rate of development, according to this indicator, our country is not even in the top ten. And this despite the fact that our schoolchildren and students regularly occupy first places in all scientific and subject olympiads that they only happen.

The main task is to understand what to make this potential to work for the benefit of the country. The strategy sets a “long look” at the development of education. A positive scenario assumes that the system in the year will become an institution that effectively reacting to all identified calls. What key conditions and tools are needed for the implementation of this particular script?

Graduates of our universities in the pre -war and post -war years were in demand in any country in the world, wherever they fell, but they, in the vast majority, continued to work for the benefit of our homeland. Now not all Russian universities give out high quality. Understand what the reasons for this is, and to rectify the situation is the task of the formation strategy for the coming decades.

And I can’t help but recall another very strange factor that should be neutralized as quickly as possible. Throughout the world, this indicator reaches 60, 70, 80 and more percent, allowing universities to increase the material base, and we seem to be specifically inserted into wheels. I hope that soon we will still have developed and introduced criteria that orientate individual scientists and entire teams of universities to develop technologies and increase competitiveness.

I would very much like to see the clearly described conditions for the functioning of universities in a situation where we have taken a course for technological sovereignty, and not just to master budget funds. I also spoke and advocate for the equality of universities of various forms of foundation, and not in words and not on paper, but in practice. And, of course, I would very much like to evaluate universities not on the average score of the exam, even if it is very high.

As experience shows, this is far from the most important indicator, and the excellent result at the entrance does not guarantee an excellent output result. Today, in times of rapid changes, what does this characteristic mean? What basic previous and relevant new meanings would you include in the concept of the fundamentalism of the Russian higher school?

During the Great Patriotic War, we were ahead of the scientific and innovative sphere to the entire continental Europe-the most developed part of the world in which the majority of discoveries were made. We managed to establish the design and production of aircraft, tanks, artillery systems that exceeded enemy equipment in quality. This was possible thanks to perfectly trained specialists.

The level of education is tall today. It is not in vain that there is such a joke: if you need to solve a simple problem - instruct the Indians, the task is more difficult - the Chinese, and attract the Russians to the solution of the most difficult. This is a certificate of fundamental education as the main tradition of the domestic higher school. It is her graduates who are able to solve the global problems of civilization.

There are no more than a dozen universities in the world whose graduates have deep knowledge of mathematics, physicists and are capable of, for example, to solve the theoretical minimum of Landau. And this task forms the basis for solving the problems of civilization.When I, as part of the delegation of the Russian Union of Rectors, visited one of the leading universities in the world Tokhoku and asked the head of the Creature of Theoretical Physics, a graduate of the Soviet Higher School: “Probably, the theorminum of Landau is a task for your graduates?

Meanwhile, the University of Tokhok is occupied by top positions in world ratings. Therefore, we must maintain the fundamental of domestic education: this unique feature will help him return the status of a world leader. The combination of fundamental and practice-orientation is one of the principles of the new model of domestic higher education, the urgent task for Russian universities.

What mandatory variables would you put in the formula for achieving this complex and subtle balance? Which of them is already in the assets of your educational organization, and which are still unknown, requiring a great discussion of a professional university community? In this sense, the fundamental science and education for us is salvation, since it forces the brain to work. No one cancel the ownership of digital skills, but they should not replace the fundamental education.

We need a balance between these components. In the educational process, theoretical fundamental sciences should be half and the same - applied tasks. They must be decided in senior courses, when students already have an idea of ​​the concepts and methods of fundamental science. Each of the scientific groups gives its own way to solve the problem. As at one time it was in the Korolev Design Bureau: for example, his team offered a non -standard solution and created a slotted antenna of the spacecraft, which surprised Western competitors.

Soviet researchers came to a non -standard solution model when creating a pen that writes in space: this pen is a pencil. Since then, ours have written in space with a pencil. Combinations of fundamental and practical-oriented approach can only be achieved in work on specific applied tasks. Today, experts will have to solve the global problems of the present, for example, decarbonization of energy systems, increasing temperature on Earth.

In order to prevent a collapse, we must collect the best mathematicians, physicists, biologists, ecologists and create the conditions for their joint work. What fundamental decisions and initiatives do you expect from the state as an institutional regulator of ensuring the required balance of fundamentalism and the practice-orientation of the domestic higher school?

These are one of the best teachers of our higher school, theorists and practice. In the training of specialists, we always pay considerable attention to mathematics. It largely determines the scientist’s ability to solve applied problems, the degree of development of the individual. Our education has passed a complex path, in which there were achievements and mistakes.

But the main thing is that we have learned from these mistakes the lessons. We stopped focusing on foreign ratings in which our universities did not receive points for expert opinions and citation in scientific English -speaking publications. By the way, in Japanese universities, scientific structures are still preserved that translate the articles of our scientists into Japanese.

The assessment of Russian universities and the Research Institute should not be based on Hirsch index, but on the developed and implemented advanced technological solutions of the world level. The ability of a person to create such solutions is evidence of the balance between fundamental and applied science. What long -term effects and results do you expect from them?

What mandatory conditions, according to your assessment, are necessary to achieve these results? This is the “advanced engineering schools”, and the continuation of the “Priority” contest ”and, most importantly, the trend to achieve the country's technological sovereignty. This trend combines almost all the steps that were previously taken for the development of higher education.

I hope that in the complex they will help our higher school return the leadership positions that it occupied during the USSR. The Soviet Union was a carrier of about a third part of all world critical technologies. In areas such as nuclear industry, aviation-space technology, natural sciences, we were an absolute leader. Today, the course towards achieving technological sovereignty prevails over all the tasks of our higher education.

This task is systemic, it has a development vector. The matrix of this vector includes the criteria for the effectiveness of the university. The main thing is to measure the effectiveness of the university not spent on solving problems with resources, but achieved results. A classic example is the space project of the USSR: we have spent an order of more resources than our main competitor - the United States, but our technologies are still working.

The second important condition is system support for scientific schools, the effectiveness of which depends on the technological leadership of the university and the country as a whole. Our university is located on the territory of the Tupolev Design Bureau, and the easiest way is to give an example from the aviation area.There have never been less design bureaus in the USSR: our science and engineering thought continuously developed.

This allowed the country in the post -war period to make a tremendous jerk in rocket science, aircraft industry. When Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev at the end of X arrived in the United States to that, in a well -equipped American airport there was not even a ladder for this aircraft, and our leader had to go down the fire ladder. Every third plane in the world was created in the USSR.

Despite the constant leadership of the Olympiads in natural science and technical disciplines, today we are not entering the top ten on innovative development today. Therefore, the following condition is to create mechanisms for innovative activities. Technological sovereignty of the country depends on innovative development. These mechanisms and conditions should allow us to create the best equipment, weapons, quantum computers, devices to improve the quality of life.

In the short term, our task is to stand on a par with the most developed powers of the world, in long -term - to outline development paths that will allow to win a technological race in the future. The experience accumulated over the last century testifies to: the one who will increase the intellectual potential and effectively use resources will win.

Please name the main events of the year for your educational organization. How should these events affect its further development? Thanks to the high potential of the Institute of Information Systems and Engineering and Technologies of Rosnou, we have a good mathematical school and we hope that experience will allow us to successfully develop new areas. Of course, the priorities for us are the competitiveness of education and support for the quality of training of specialists.

The planned “agenda” for your educational organization: please name several key points. This is the federal project “Advanced Engineering Schools”, and other projects to ensure the country's technological sovereignty, and preparations for participation in “Priority”. We strive not only to maintain the quality level of the educational process, but also to improve it.

Especially due to the fact that in the year we have to replace the software by domestic, and this task is not easy.