Orleans Biography

New Orleans General information isolated port with a small population was almost hung up by the colonial government, first France, then Spain, and only at the turn of the 19th century did he turn into a leading port and pearl of the economic crown of the New World nation. So, in his book for travelers “Geographical Description of the state of Louisian”, the author William Darbi from Pennsylvania in the year describes this city with enthusiasm: perhaps there is no city on the globe, which would be a greater contrast between national features, languages ​​and manners of behavior than New Orleans.

I don’t know where else I would see a collection of such a variety of human beings. Someone under the pseudonym Didimus, also from New York in the work “New Orleans that I discovered for myself”, shares the feelings of his predecessors in the year: what a crowd! What a combination of strange faces and diverse people! And this, perhaps, is the main thing that could be said about the New Orleans at all times - the point of conjugation of several cultures, all kinds of social options for the existence of people of all skin shades that were on the American continent.

But at the same time, the city had its own dominant features created by French culture. The new Orleans and the land of plantations in M. painting, however, about the year, the French were captured by the French, who began colonization of the southern provinces of the Mississippi Valley. The name comes from Philip, the Duke of Orleans, the regent of the Kingdom of France at that time. In the year, a colonial war ends part of the Seven Years War, as a result of which the French are inferior to the city of the Spaniards under the conditions of the Paris world - the war ended in the victory of Britain and the capture of a significant part of the French possessions, including Canada, which will affect the ethnocultural composition of New Orleans.

The next important, turning point in the history of the city was the rebellion of slaves in the colony of Santo Domingo the island of Haiti, in our time - the dominic in the year, who led to the flight of many slaveholders with their property in the New Orleans. In the city, and with it, the whole of Louisiana was sold by Napoleon to the new state - the United States.

The colony for San Domingo, where the uprising continued all these years, defeated the interventionists, got out of France’s control and declared independence. After the acquisition of Louisiana, an agrarian revolution began: unpopular cultures of tobacco and indigo, forming the market of domestic colonial goods were replaced by huge profitable plantations of cotton and sugarcane.

The slavery, previously the meager here in the New Orleans, lived a lot of “free color” creolas, and boiled down to the home servant, turned into a phenomenon of industrial order, and the market of slaves became the enormous in the south here. The Spaniards cut off the independence of Haiti on take -off, providing a new influx of refugees in the New Orleans. Perhaps the movement of many dissatisfied color there led to the uprising of slaves on the German shore territory on the eastern shore of the Mississippi, above the New Orleans in Louisiana was formed as a state and entered the Union, exactly to a second British intervention to the noise of the war with Napoleon in Europe.

The New Orleans in this war became famous as the place of the last battle in January of the year, when the world was actually signed but did not have time to inform the armies about this-but General Jackson, glorified in the battle became a national hero, and a prominent politician and the US president, 7th in a row. The culture and ethnic geography of the pre -war New Orleans ethnic geography of the city of about the year was quite simple.

The local French -speaking Catholics of Creole, originating from different regions of French or Spanish less often - German culture and all the racial sources of white, black and mixed, lived around the city; Those who had slaves lived next to them. This created a local unique cultural environment that absorbed the elements of Romanesan traditions, many features of the West Indian Caribbean folklore, including the hybrid religion of black slaves, voodoo.

After the British have expelled Catholics farmers from the Acadia colony near Canada, those who migrated to the new Orleans and mixed with white creolas began to be called by the Keizhens a distorted Acadian. The tragic fate of the former Kejanov sang the American poet Henry Longfello in the poem Evandzelina, whose heroine, a Frenchwoman from a deaf Acadian village, learned about the upcoming resettlement on the day of her wedding, the inhabitants of New Orleans perceived this poem as a page of their own history, and now in the city there is a memorial park Evandelina.

Over time, all the whites were divided into two parts: the franco -speaking elite is Creole, and the poor and simply poor franco -speaking farmers with shorter genealogy, tied to Louisiana, of course, their offspring - Kayden. Color creolas, in the course of an increase in the number of plantations and the establishment of an aristocratic system, ceased to be considered an elite, but did not cease to be citizens.Residents of foreign origin, including Anglo-American, were not so numerous to form their ethnic cells.

Among them were residents of Virginia and Kentukki, Scots, Germans, Spaniards and Italians, many of them were busy in trade. In search of new opportunities in the Mississippi Valley, they brought French Catholics on Wednesday, the influence of the new American culture, commerce, English and Protestantism, new concepts, new concepts were in everything, from jurisprudence to architecture and interracial relations.

They settled most often in the upper quarters of the old city or in the foburg of St. Maria Foburg, Faubourg, or a false city - a term denoting new departments of the city or suburbs that turned out to be inside other areas. In the year, the Franco -speaking population doubled in almost one night, when more than nine thousand refugees, fleeing San Domingo, arrived in the New Orleans. This revived not only French, but also Afro-Caribbean culture, and added variegated to the mixed scheme of the settlement of people.

To m, the English surnames exceeded the French only in one place - all the same foburg of St. Mary, or, in a new manner, “St. Mary ”or the American quarter, and this led to the formation of its own economic, religious, cultural institutions, creating a base under the confrontation of the English -speaking area with franco -speaking. This separation continued in racial matters, in particular, the issue of slavery.

It was characteristic of Creole Gorozhan to settle their slaves in the adjacent apartments. Such a domestic type of slavery was called the early southern, with a low degree of mixing of races - he met in Charleston South Carolina, Washington District of Colombia, Baltimore Maryland. At the same time, free color creola has many times numerically exceeded the enslaved population in the Creol part of the city - but, climbing the river to the English part of the city, one could notice the exact opposite proportion.

The choice of the lower city in favor of the Gens de Couleur Libre reflected the Creole culture of that part of the city, which, like its Caribbean and Latin American roots, gave rise to a three -layer, reusable social structure, in which the class of marginal position and, often mixed origin, was introduced between white and black. The English-language world of the upper part of the city, on the other hand, was a tough two-layer, black and white racial cash system, similar to the one that was in the entire English-language society of the United States then, thus, the population with any African heritage was most likely enslaved.

The Catholic, somewhat Latin sensation of the Creole quarter also attracted southern Europeans, residents of the Caribbean, immigrants from Latin America in much large ratios than the Anglov sector. From a year and before the outbreak of civil war, almost annually the New Orleans was a leader in the number of immigrants accepted than any other southern city.

On a scale of the nation, only New York surpassed it in this. Although, in ethnic composition, the new Orleans refers to the type of cities-cities characteristic of the United States, the French traditions in the life of the city make themselves felt to this day, although they are most clearly manifested in the famous French quarter of New Orleans. The city absorbed typically French refined, alien to other settlements of America, and vitality.

The French quarter is mainly built up by the buildings of the XIX century, and the harmonious city landscape is not violated by modern high -rise buildings. The streets of the quarter are peaceful, quiet, their distinguishing feature is the lack of traffic lights that would be superfluous in this ancient, by the standards of the United States. The main attraction of the French quarter is the Cathedral of St.

Louis on Jackson-Square-the oldest cathedral in the United States, although it was built only in the year. The sights of the French quarter include the "forge of Lafit" on Bourbon Street. This is a famous bar, the interior of which is decorated under the old forge. Once in this building, Jean Lafit worked as a blacksmith to his eyes-a semi-legal pirate of the beginning of the 19th century.

The Gulf of Mexican was especially famous for the fact that in the year he helped the Americans defeat the British in the battle for the New Orleans. The geography of a cozy life download the large, detailed panorama of the New Orleans of the middle of the century 64 MB, although urbanization has almost always stood on a hill, a well -drained natural “dam” The Leeee, which is enveloping the Mississippi River, not all sections of this phenomenon were equivalent.

Located closer to the river, gained an advantage in the form of river transport access to the ship’s ship was indicated in the announcements of real estate, as in our time they write proximity to the subway and lifting above the groundwater level, the problem of flooding is one of the most common in New Orleans to this day, but the neighborhood with shipyards was unpleasant.The zones directly on the shore were ideal for commerce and were full of low-qualified labor, but the quality of housing there was worse and for constant habitat they were less attractive.

The plots of the most remote from the river were the lowest, coexistered with the swamps where the hordes of the Moskites were found, and the risk of spill was significant. This, the so -called “back of the city”, with its inconvenience and primitive infrastructure, was the cheapest, and the buildings there were the most modest. But it cannot be said that work was not offered there: digging of channels, the construction of the railway and other types of hard work, unusual for the city center.

The desirability of the earth changed with the remoteness from the heart of the city. The lack of mechanized means of moving made life on the periphery uncomfortable, and therefore cheap; This was only intensified by the availability of huge spaces on the outskirts. The land within the city was convenient, but it was a little, which raised the price. This scheme goes back to the Middle Ages, and was characteristic of most cities in the New World.

As a result, according to the combination of convenience factors, the low risk of diseases and the proximity of prestigious work, the most profitable places were those where historical areas are located today: the center of the French quarter, the area of ​​the Coliseum, the garden district is about the middle of the hill. The adulthood by Avenue of St. Charles perfectly divides the natural dam-externality in two, located halfway from the fashionable coast to the marshy lowland.

They were surrounded by areas of the middle and working class, respectively. During the first significant wave of immigration of the XIX century, or rather, from X software, the family of workers mainly Irish and Germans settled the periphery, half close in essence to the village. Here they found both affordable housing and employment, requiring simple skills: a shipyard, massacre, leatherette, public work on channels, drainage and construction of railways.

The arrangement of the cultural environment led to additional immigration of brothers by nationality. The settlement of the Irish and Germans along the periphery resembled a galaxy without significant clusters and gaps. Ethnic mixing defeated the segregation, which is why it is impossible to exactly determine the historical location of the Irish Canal or any German region. Source Poxage Code of Fr.

Unlike the North American colonies of Great Britain, where entire families were mainly immigrated, and where interracial contacts were in every possible way suppressed in Latin America, just as in colonial French possessions, only young men were resettled, which was associated with a long ban on the presence of women on the ship, which was considered a bad sign. Because of this, a sexual disproportion arose in the population in the colonies, and the white men who formed the elite of the neuromanic communities, more and more contacted the representatives of the Indian, African and mixed origin of mulatta, metisais, creola.

It should be borne in mind that they themselves willingly went to these contacts, continuing the traditions of the novelization, instituted in the Roman Empire. Over time, however, the French, Spanish and Portuguese monarchs, alarmed by excessive mixing in the colonies, began to send women from the metropolis there. At this time, the Claus system was formed: white men took the official wives of white women, while they kept one or more color lovers who were not prostitutes, but rather with concubines-scums, as they remained faithful to their master before his death and even had officially recognized children who, however, had less hereditary rights than legitimate children.

Such relations became the norm in the colonial Louisiana, located at the intersection of French and Spanish colonial possessions in the lower reaches of the city of New Orleans, Natezhez, Vicksburg, mobile, Biloxy, Haiti, Guadelule, Martinic, etc. The system has reached the highest scope in the franco -speaking New Orleans in the years. The sale of the territory of the United States had negative consequences for the Romanesque communities in Louisian.

French and Spanish languages ​​turned out to be prohibited, and the official authorities no longer made differences between color and blacks. Poxing gradually began to come to the level of street prostitution. The British, who moved in large quantities to Louisiana, initially experienced interest in the crying, but did not want to have nothing but random sex with colored girls, not to mention their maintenance or responsibility for children from this kind of contacts.

The codes ceased to exist, the letters of the girls and their midday husbands were mostly burned by relatives who were afraid of the persecution of the Ku-Klux-Clan, although the echoes of the system in the form of legends and legends are still preserved.Marie Lavo equally known for her hairdresser and trainees of Wood, Marie Lavo reached a celebrity in New Orleans over the last half of the year, when her reputation as a strong mambo or priestess grew rapidly.

She was constantly searched for by the rich and poor in order to enlist help in various deeds, both good and not very. Most often, people turned to her for love spells, or asked to help in childbirth so that the child was born healthy, or when they wanted to get an inheritance. But no less often those who longed to take revenge on the insults inflicted by the enemy came to her.

The annals of Voodoo Wogh for centuries are full of stories of the victims of this vengeful magic, which woke up after an uneasily spent from the frequent wakes of the night, and found on the threshold of their houses, cemetery land and an inevitable doll, thrown under the cover of the night of Marie Lavo herself. All these stories would only be terrible fairy tales, but, according to reliable sources, almost all the witchcraft of Marie Lavo acted.

Often, a simple phrase that Queen Voodoo "works" on a person was enough to cause physical or emotional collapse; Often, after such a news, a person was dying. Until now, the New Orleans has been practiced by strong spells mastered by Marie Lavo, and the tradition of using dolls is still alive and is popular. Marie Lavo had great power over people, and anyone could see this. For example, take such a case.

A wedding was being prepared in New Orleans. A rich bridegroom, a beautiful bride-and everything would be nothing, but only the groom was eight-do with the groom, and the bride was only sixteen. The obstinate bride was stubborn: they said that she was already narrowed - as expected, a beautiful small, but poor, who went to the distant lands to get rich and return to his beloved.