Glinka BELECTO biography

Glinka M. Biography of Glinka Stasov in the person of M. Glinka Russian musical culture for the first time put forward a composer of world significance. Based on the centuries -old traditions of Russian folk and professional music, the achievements and experience of European art, Glinka completed the process of forming a national composer school, which won in the 19th century.

In his work, Glinka expressed advanced ideological aspirations of time. His works are imbued with the ideas of patriotism, faith in the people. Like A. Pushkin, Glinka sang the beauty of life, the triumph of reason, good, justice. He created art, so harmonious and beautiful that you do not get tired of admiring, opening in it more and more perfection. What formed the personality of the composer?

Glinka writes about this in his “Notes” - a remarkable model of memoir literature. He calls Russian songs the main impressions of childhood, they were “the first reason for the fact that later I began to mainly develop folk Russian music,” as well as the fortress orchestra of the uncle, which he “loved the most”. Glinka played in it on a flute and violin, becoming older, he conducted it.

Young Glinka painted well, passionately dreamed of traveling, was distinguished by the liveliness of the mind and a rich imagination. Two great historical events were the most important facts of his biography for the future composer: the Patriotic War of G. They determined the main idea of ​​creativity “the Fatherland will devote beautiful impulses”, as well as political beliefs.

According to a friend of Youth N. Markevich, “Mikhailo Glinka had a beneficial effect on Glinka was had a stay in the St. Petersburg noble boarding house, famous for progressively thinking teachers. His teacher in the boarding house was V. Kuchelbeker, the future Decembrist. Youth proceeded in an atmosphere of ardent political and literary disputes with friends, and some of people close to Glinka after the defeat of the Decembrists were among the exiled to Siberia.

No wonder Glinka was subject to interrogation regarding ties with "rebels". In the ideological and artistic formation of the future composer, Russian literature played a significant role with its interest in history, creativity, life of the people; Direct communication with A. Pushkin, V. Zhukovsky, A. Delvig, A. Griboedov, V. Odoevsky, A. Musical impressions were also diverse.

Glinka took the lessons of the piano game from J. Field, and then from S. Mayer, studied singing, playing the violin. Often he visited theaters, attended musical evenings, played in four hands with the Vielgorsky brothers, A. Varlamov, began to compose romances, instrumental plays. In G., a lot of bright artistic impulses gave a glink of travel: a trip to the Caucasus, staying in Italy, Austria, Germany is sociable, an ardent, fondable young man, kindness and straightforwardness combined with poetic sensitivity, he easily acquired friends.

In Italy, Glinka became close to V. Bellini, G. Donizetti, met with F. Mendelson, later G. Berlioz will appear among his friends, J. Meyerber, S. eagerly absorbing various impressions, Glinka studied seriously and inquisitively, completing musical education in Berlin with the famous theorist Z., it was here, he completely realized Glinka, Glinka fully realized his true true Purpose. This plan was realized upon returning to St.

Petersburg: in the city of her plot, prompted by Zhukovsky, made it possible to realize the idea of ​​a feat of a feat of a feat of a feat in the name of salvation of his homeland. This was new: in all European and Russian music, a patriot’s hero did not appear, like Susanin, whose image generalizes the best typical features of a national character. The heroic idea is embodied by a glinc in the forms characteristic of national art, based on the richest traditions of Russian song, Russian professional choral art, which organically combined with the laws of European opera music, with the principles of symphony development.

The premiere of the opera on November 27 was highly appreciated by Russian, later foreign, writers and critics. Pushkin, who was present at the premiere, wrote the quatrain: listening to this novelty, let him ginger, but he cannot trample the glinc in the mud. Success inspired the composer. Immediately after the premiere of Susanin, work began on the opera Ruslan and Lyudmila on the plot of Pushkin’s poem.

However, all kinds of circumstances: an unsuccessful marriage, which ended with a divorce; The highest mercy is a service in the court singing chapel, which took a lot of effort; The tragic death of Pushkin on a duel, which destroyed the plans for joint work on the work - all this did not favored the creative process. Household disorder interfered. For some time, Glinka lived with the playwright N.

Kukolnik in the noisy and cheerful environment of the Kukolnikovskaya “brethren” - artists, poets who were pretty distracted from creativity. Despite this, the work was moving, and in parallel, other works appeared - romances on Pushkin’s poems, the vocal cycle “Farewell to St. Petersburg” at Art.Puppeteer, the first version of the “Waltz-Fantasia”, music to the drama of the puppeteer “Prince Holmsk”.

The activity of Glinka as a singer and a vocal teacher dates back to the same time. He writes “Studies for the Voice”, “Exercises for the improvement of voice”, “School of singing”. Among his students S. Gulak-Artemovsky, D. Leonova and others. Premiere "Ruslan and Lyudmila" on November 27 The aristocratic public, led by the imperial surname, met hostilely. And among the supporters of Glinka, opinions were sharply divided.

The reasons for the complicated attitude to the opera are in the deeply innovative essence of the work, with which the fabulous-epic opera theater unknown to Europe began, where a variety of musical-shaped spheres appeared in bizarre interweaving-epic, lyrical, eastern, fantastic. Glinka “in an epic fret of the Pushkin Poem” B. Asafiev, and the leisurely deployment of events based on the change of colorful paintings was prompted by Pushkin’s words: “The affairs of the long -lasting days, ancient treasure are deep.” As the development of the most secret ideas of Pushkin appeared in the opera and its other features.

Solar music, singing love of life, faith in the triumph of good over evil, echoes the famous “Long live the sun, may darkness be hidden! Glinka spent several subsequent years abroad in Paris and Spain, specially studied Spanish before the trip. In Paris, a concert from Glinka’s works was greatly successful, about which he wrote: “I am the first Russian composer who introduced the Parisian public with his name and his works written in Russia and for Russia.” The Spanish impressions inspired the Glinka to create two symphonic plays: “Aragon Khota” and “Memory of Summer Night in Madrid” at the same time in the city of these works, equal “reporting experts and a simple public”, Russian symphonic music originates.

The atmosphere of all the condensed deaf ill -wishes actively acted on him. Only a small circle of true and hot admirers supported him during these years. Among them A. Dargomyzhsky, friendship with which began during the period of production of the opera Ivan Susanin; V. Stasov, A. Serov, young M. Glinka's creative activity is markedly decreasing, but new trends in Russian art associated with the heyday of the “natural school” did not pass by his attention to the direction of further artistic searches.

He begins work on the Taras Bulba program symphony and the two-liter opera-drama according to A. Shakhovsky, is unfinished. At the same time, an interest arose in the polyphonic art of the Renaissance, the idea of ​​the possibility of connecting “a fugue western with the conditions of our music by the bonds of legal marriage”. This again brought Glinka in the city of a new stage of the creative biography, which was not destined to end Glinka, did not manage to fulfill much of what was planned.

However, his ideas were developed in the work of Russian composers of subsequent generations, who have drawn the name of the founder of Russian music on their artistic banner. Based on materials from Belcanto.