Geiger Hans Biography

Johannes "Hans" Wilhelm Geiger.

Born on September 30 in Neustadt - died on September 24 in Potsdam. German physicist. The inventor of the alpha separator and the Geiger counter. He formulated the law of Heiger-Nella. Hans Geiger was born on September 30 in Neustadt, Reinland-Palatz. Father - Wilhelm Ludwig Geiger, a German indologist and Iranist, a specialist in the languages, Singal and Divehi, the author of works on Avestology and Buddhology.

He was a professor of philology at the University of Erlangen from for a year. Mother is Marie Plokhman. The younger brother is Rudolf Geiger, a German meteorologist and climatologist. Geiger received primary education at Erlangen’s gymnasium, which he graduated from the year. After the completion of mandatory military service, he studied physics at the University of Munich and at the University of Erlangen, where Professor Eilhard Videman was his mentor.

In the year, Geiger entered the University of Erlangen, where he began to study physics and mathematics, where Professor Eilhard Videman was his mentor. In the year, he successfully defended his dissertation dedicated to electric discharges in gases, having received the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Thanks to outstanding results, Heiger was awarded the scholarship of the Manchester University, where he began to work as an assistant under the leadership of the famous physicist Arthur Schuster.

After Schuster’s retirement in the year, Geiger continued his career in Manchester, becoming an assistant to his successor, Ernest Rutherford. In the year, together with his colleague Ernest Marsden, Geiger conducted a famous experiment that is now known as the Heiger -Marcden experiment or an “experiment with gold foil”. This experiment became the key in the physics of the atom: with its help, scientists were able to calculate the number of alpha particles reflected from the thin gold foil, which gave Rutherford a reason to think deeper about the internal structure of the atom and significantly advanced the understanding of the nuclear structure.

In the year, Geiger, together with John Mitchell Natolle, opened the Heiger-Natolla law, which describes the dependence of the probability of scattering alpha particles on the angle of scattering. These experiments became the basis for the formation of the anthrax atomic model, which significantly advanced an understanding of the structure of the atom. In the year, Geiger was appointed head of radiation research at the Imperial Physical and Technical Institute Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt, PTR in Charlottenburg, Berlin.

In this new position, he focused on the study and measurement of radioactivity, which was important for the development of nuclear physics. Outstanding scientists worked in his team, including Walter Bota, who in the future received the Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on gases ionization and nuclear physics, and James Chadwick, awarded the Nobel Physics Prize in the year for opening a neutron.

He was called up for military service and served as an artillery officer up to a year. During the war, Geiger continued to maintain interest in science, despite the difficulties of military service, which indicates his devotion and passion for physics. After the war ended, he returned to scientific activity, continuing his research and making a significant contribution to the development of nuclear physics.

In the year, Geiger and Walter Bota conducted an important experiment known as an experiment in the coincidence of Bota Gieger. This experiment confirmed the effect of compton, which is associated with the scattering of x -rays and related photons on electrons. Confirmation of this effect played a key role in the development of quantum theory and contributed to the fact that Arthur Compan received the Nobel Prize in Physics in the year.

In the future, the Nobel Prize in Physics in the year was awarded the Nobel Prize for his research, including joint work with Heiger. The Geiger, unfortunately, did not live up to this point, but his contribution to science left a significant heritage in the field of physics and radiation studies. In the year, Heiger began teaching at the University of Kil, where he continued his research in the field of radiation physics.

In the year, together with one of his students, Walter Muller, he developed an improved version of the counter, which became known as the Heiger-Muller tube. This new design significantly expanded the possibilities of measurements, as it made it possible to detect not only alpha particles, but also beta and gamma-part. The Heiger-Muller tube was important in the field of radiation physics and played a significant role in developing the Geiger counter, which is widely used to detect and measure ionizing radiation.

This innovation has significantly increased the accuracy and versatility of devices for studying radioactivity and other forms of radiation. In the year, Geiger was appointed professor at physics and director of research at the University of Tubingen. Here he conducted his first observations of the storm of space rays, which was an important step in the study of high -energy particles that penetrate the atmosphere of the Earth.

These observations laid the basis for further research in the field of space rays and astrophysics.In the year, Geiger moved to the post at the Berlin Technical University, where he continued his research. In Berlin, he focused on the study of space rays, nuclear division and artificial radiation. His work in this area contributed to the development of understanding of nuclear reactions and particle interactions.

Geiger continued to work actively until his death in the year, leaving a significant heritage in physics and radiation research. Since the year, after the opening of the atom division, Heiger became a member of the Uranium Club, the German Research Center, which was developing nuclear weapons during the Second World War. The uranium club was created to study and develop nuclear technologies, and the Geiger, as a prominent physicist, made a significant contribution to these studies.

However, in the year the group was split, since its members came to the conclusion that nuclear weapons would not have a significant impact on the outcome of the war. This assessment, as it turned out later, was erroneous, since the development of nuclear weapons in other countries, such as the United States, played a key role at the end of the war. Despite this, studies conducted within the framework of the Uranium Club had a significant impact on the subsequent development of nuclear physics and technology.

Although Geiger signed a petition against the intervention of the Nazi government in the activities of universities, his actions against colleagues who were persecuted were less determined. For example, Geiger did not support Gansu Bete, the Nobel Prize in the physics of the year, when he was fired from the university because of his Jewish origin. This lack of support for the persecuted colleagues reflects complex moral and professional dilemmas that scientists faced at that time.

Geiger was able to survive during the battle for Berlin. Soon after the end of the war, in July, he moved to Potsdam. Here, against the backdrop of destruction and political changes in post -war Germany, Geiger continued his work until his death on September 24. Three sons were born in marriage. Hans Heiger’s awards and titles: - Hughes medal - medal and Duddell Award Latest Information updating: when quoting and using materials, a link to Stuki -Druki piles.

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