False Dmitry 5 biography

He became the first of the impostors who called himself this name and claimed to the Russian throne. Accurate data on the origin, as well as the date of birth of False Dmitry I, are not known, there are many versions. The most generally accepted - that False Dmitry I is Yuri in monasticism Grigory Otopyev, the son of the Galician nobleman Bogdan Otrepyev, who belonged to the noble but impoverished family of Nelidovs, immigrants from Lithuania.

It is believed that Yuri was a year or two older than Tsarevich Dmitry, for whom he later issued himself. The teenager of Yuri was sent to Moscow, where he entered the service of the Romanov’s house and in a few years took a fairly high position. But this almost destroyed him when the Romanovs fell into royal disgrace in the year. Fleeing, Yuri tonsured monks under the name of Gregory and fled to the province, visited several monasteries, but soon returned to the capital and entered the aristocratic miracle monastery.

There, a competent monk was quickly noticed, and he became a “cross clerk”: he rewritten books and was present as a scribe in the “Sovereign Duma”. It is in the monastery, according to the official version, that Gregory begins to prepare for his role, studying the details of the murder of the prince. In the year, he fled to Poland, settled in a servant to Prince Vishnevetsky, who introduced himself to the miraculously saved prince.

Through the prince, he received the help of the Polish government and found the patron in the person of the hedgehog Yuri Mnishek. The Roman curia did not stand aside, counting on the introduction of Catholicism in Russia. False Dmitry, among other things, promised to give the Severskaya and Smolensk lands after the accession, marry Marina Mnishek, to give her Novgorod and Pskov in the form of a “vein” and pay hedgehogs to Mnisheku 1 million.

Then he secretly moved to Catholicism. In the year, active preparations for the seizure of Moscow and the construction of False Dmitry into the Russian throne began. The governor of the Mnishki gained a small army for the future son -in -law - a little more man, with whom in the fall of the year, False Dmitry joined Russia. The success of the campaign was facilitated by the excitement of the peasants of the southern regions of Rus'.

Several cities surrendered to him without a fight, and Russian feudal lords, Posad and service people, Cossacks and peasants of these areas supported him. Although in January of the year the invaders were divided under the village of Dobrynichi, they managed to strengthen in Putivl. And after the sudden death of Boris Godunov, part of the Russian army led by the governor P.

Basmanov sided with the impostor. Muscovites also supported the invaders and rebels against Godunov. In June, an uprising broke out in Moscow, as a result of which the Godunov government was overthrown. Having lured to his side some people of Godunov and taking advantage of the split among the Moscow nobility, False Dmitry sent people to capture the city. The proclaimed by Tsar Fedor Godunov was killed in June.

Only then, making sure of the support of the nobles and the people, did False Dmitry moved to the capital and solemnly entered Moscow. To prove the “royal” origin, he staged his “recognition” by the mother of the real prince Dmitry, Maria Nagoy. Patriarch Job was deposited and Archbishop of Ryazan, Greek Ignatius, who was on July 31 and crowned False Dmitry at the kingdom, was erected in his place.

Having occupied the tsarist throne, False Dmitry actively began to pursue a domestic and foreign policy. The first actions of the tsar were numerous mercy - from exiles returned the boyars and princes who were in disgrace at Godunovs, “faithful” were given gifts and rewards, the servants were doubled by the landlords - landers, a number of concessions were made to peasants and slaves.

For example, in the south of the country, taxes were canceled for 10 years, and the processing of the Tender Pashny was stopped in them. All this was carried out due to land and monetary confiscation near the monasteries. The new king also attempted to reorganize the army, changed the composition of the Duma, introducing it as permanent members of representatives of the highest clergy, and from now on the Duma was called a “Senate”.

And since False Dmitry needed a lot of money, in particular, for wedding payments and remuneration, in many areas of the country, the amounts of taxes increased significantly, which led to the beginning of unrest. He caused the discontent of the Muscovites by ordering the Kremlin to build a large wooden palace with secret moves, canceled universal afternoon sleep, laid the churches, contributed to the expansion of foreign fun and military Potets, established a foreign guard with his person, which was supposed to ensure his personal security, while suspending Russian tsarist protection.

Almost immediately, a dual situation developed: on the one hand, the people loved him, and on the other, they suspected imposture. With all this, False Dmitry I tried to maneuver between the Russian and Polish feudal lords. But due to the failure to fulfill the old promises before the allies, his relations with Poland worsened, and the crisis of domestic and foreign policy created the conditions for organizing the conspiracy of the Russian nobility, led by Prince Vasily Shuisky.In addition, the wedding of False Dmitry with Marina Mnishek, who passed through the Catholic rite and accompanied by many atrocities of the Poles who came to the wedding, outraged Muscovites.

What the conspirators decided to use. Raising the rebellion allegedly against the Poles who sought to “kill the king and the boyars”, they directed the people to the foreigners, and they themselves broke into the Kremlin. The captured by surprise, False Dmitry I tried to flee, but was killed on May 17 27. The people were declared that the king was an impostor. His body was burned and, having charged the gun, shot west - in the direction from where he came.

But, despite such a dual fate, False Dmitry I, according to historians as a ruler, was distinguished by great energy, great abilities and wide reformist intentions. The people, especially in the province, did not want to believe in the death of the “legitimate” king, so the rumors that he could escape from the “dashing” boyars did not subside for a long time and laid the foundation for the people's unrest and the emergence of new impostors.

The next most famous of them was False Dmitry II. Persons of the day of March 17: - Nikolai Zhukovsky Russian scientist in the field of mechanics, the founder of aerodynamics as science.