Omsk fortress Biography

Mon-PT: C to the excursion by preliminary entry. Working hours of the excursion department: Mon - Sun: C to, lunch with to cost: children's ticket - from rub. Adult ticket - from rub. Master classes-from rub. Performances - RUB Omsk Fortress - a symbol of the history and protection of Siberia! The foundation of the city of Omsk laid the construction of the first protective structure of two gearboxes per year.

It was thanks to this strengthening that Omsk over time turned into a central settlement of Western Siberia. The construction was led by Swedish artilleryman Kalander, and Major Aksakov led the main works. The fortress, located on a hill in M ​​from the Irtysh, covered 6 hectares. Now there is Lenin Square and the Musical Theater. Palashhenkov noted a high degree of strengthening of the southwestern angle of the fortification structure.

There were 3 positions for firing, while in other parts there were fewer: there were 2 of them in the east, and in the south and in intermediate fortifications - one at a time. A separate position was near the Irtysh River, and even in meters - the next. The space between the floor of the bastions was protected by a simple fence. From the southwestern corner to the river, protective structures extended, enclosing the suburbs from the south side.

Thus, the western part of the fortress facing the Irtysh was included in the main defense, which influenced a decrease in its defensive potential. The fortress had four entrances. The Spassky Gate was in the West, at the Irtysh, without towers, but with a small tower for observation. In the southeast, there were Znamensky gates, to the banks of the Om-Nikolsky River.

In the eastern part there were a Shestakov gate, like two other entrances, they had square towers about 8 meters high. The development inside the fortress was carried out without a clear plan. A temple wooden building dedicated to Sergius from Radonezh, surrounded by a fence, was erected in the heart of the village. In the corner of this fence was a bell tower with eight corners.

The residential buildings of local residents were located a little further, and near the defensive structures - a watch point, barracks and warehouses. Over time, settlements began to form near the walls of the fortification, one of the first was Lugovskaya, organized between the fortress and the Irtysh River. Gradually, the settlement of Omsk also affected its right bank.

Here there were a bastard, Omsk and mound settlement, connected to the rest, a floating bridge. They were protected by the Eastern, Lower and Sergievskaya towers with artillery, surrounded by protective structures. The area of ​​fortifications reached 40 hectares, but they were filled unevenly. The right -bank units were soon empty. Residents of the fortress - Cossacks, immigrants and exiles.

In the city of the military: soldiers, Cossacks. Residents led to an agrarian lifestyle, cultivating lands around the fortification. They were given tools for work. Omsk became the key point of the defensive line on the Irtysh and the freshwriting. Initially, the construction was connected by Orenburg, Tobolsk and Yamyshev. After the improvements in the mid -18th century, it became obvious that it was outdated.

In X they decided to build a new outpost on the opposite bank of the Om River, which contributed to the further development of the region. The consideration of the alternative to the Omsk fortress began in the year, given its vulnerability during periods of spring flood. The first plans of the new fortifications on the opposite bank of Omi appeared in the year. In the year, General-General I.

Choosing Omsk for basing, Springer appreciated the old fortress and decided to lay a new one. The project prepared with engineer Malm was approved in the year, and the construction started on May 2 of the year. This structure has become significant in the eastern part of Russia. The fortifications of the architectural complex of more than 30 hectares included 7 towers: 4 large and 3 smaller.

The coastal lines of the Irtysh and Omi were protected by additional fortifications. A deep moat and earthen shaft created obstacles up to 12 meters above river level. Four passes provided access: Omsk, Tara, Tobolsk and Irtysh gates. The main works of the construction were assigned to convicts and Cossacks.

The complex inside provided housing for the general, officers, barracks for troops, storage. The forest for construction was delivered from nearby forests and delivered along the rivers. Brick structures arose thanks to the production of brick in local factories. The historical buildings of Omsk, after moving the fortress to the other side of the Om River, the old wooden church dedicated to Sergius of Radonezh, remained for local residents.

The new fortress also received its church, bearing the same name. In subsequent years, both churches were renamed: the first turned into Ilyinskaya in the year, the second became Voskresenskaya with a chapel in honor of Sergius in the year. After some time, in the city of the fortress was protected by artillery, although it did not experience attacks. A garrison study settled next to the guardhouse, which later turned into an Omsk Asian school.

Today, some buildings have been preserved, including the guardhouse of the regional committee, the commandant's house Museum of Dostoevsky and Kirkh Museum of the Internal Affairs Directorate, all of them have the status of cultural heritage.The wooden gates of the fortress were replaced by brick in - gg. Of the four pairs of the gate, only the Tobolskie reached us. In the year, Omsk received the status of a county city, but this did not strongly affect its appearance: he remained a military point with a small number of residents and served as a place to serve his sentence.

Fedor Dostoevsky and Sergey Durov, known as Petrashevites, spent several years in Omsk hard labor. Later, the future scientist I. Chernsky, a former participant in the uprising in Poland, served here. The fortress in Omsk ceased to exist by the middle of the 19th century, leaving a noticeable mark in the history of the region. The Haupvakhta building founded in the year, the guardhouse is one of the oldest stone structures of Omsk.

Previously, the control of the fortress and a place to punish soldiers were based here. In the X years, an Asian school was opened here - the first educational institution in Omsk, which prepared translators. After several reconstructions, the last of which was in the year, today the military enlistment office of the region is located here. Since then, he retained his outlines and walls.

The famous Russian writer F. Dostoevsky has repeatedly visited these walls. The last leader of the fortress, A. Currently, is a memorial museum dedicated to the work of Dostoevsky. The Omsk monument “gun” in honor of the flight of Omsk near the point where it is expected, the founder of the city, Colonel Bhahgolts, set a historical artillery gun with the balls of the era of the emergence of the city.

From the moment of establishing the monument, a tradition has originated: the newlyweds come to it to attach the lock to the chain around the pedestal, thus symbolizing the strength of the family knots. Bukholtseva Square bears the name of the assistant Peter the Great, who formed the basis of Omsk's fortifications. The central place is occupied by a large ball with images telling about the settlement of Siberia.

The artillery Ceichhaus built in the year, the building could not withstand the test of time. The restorers needed to dismantle most of the walls, but part of the original brickwork was preserved as historical value. The cash pantry near the gate of Tobol has a strong building with thick walls. During the restoration work, columns were again erected here. Restoration also affected other objects: workshops, huts and arms shop.

The barn was lost, in its place now a restaurant, reflecting the historical appearance of the previous structure. In conclusion, the importance of the Omsk fortress in the history of Siberia can be emphasized. She served not only protection from external threats, but also became the starting point for the development of the city of Omsk. Her ruins and surviving buildings remind us of the rich history of this region.

Excursions and events excursions are held both on weekdays and on weekends, and include a visit to key objects of the fortress, a story about its history and significance. Visitors can also participate in master classes according to traditional crafts, since the Historical Park "Omsk Fortress" is a combination of museum spaces and creative laboratories, under the motto "Museum without glass".

Here you can find out the history of the development of Siberia and the foundations of the Omsk fortress, try on chain mail, shoot from onions or learn how to weaving skills. The unique space of the gingerbread house revives the tradition of printed gingerbread. You can visit: interactive excursions, immersive performances, performances of the "Nomad Theater" in the yurt.

The Omsk fortress is located in the city center. It can be discovered by strolling past city attractions. Auto travelers can enjoy a visit to a historical place, determining the route along the GPS-data of the Zonal landmarks-Partizanskaya Street and Tukhachevsky embankment, limit the territory of the old fortress.