Biography of the Bolsheviks

The ideological basis of Bolshevism is the leader of the faction V. Lenin in the city of a complete works. Moscow, however, his works, which formed the ideological basis of Bolshevism, first of all, “What to do? Contrary to the opinion adopted at that time among Russian Social Democrats, the Bolsheviks attached an extremely significant role in the process of developing society to the subjective factor, expressed in the activities of the Party of the new type of proletarian-“the avant-garde of the working class”.

Thus, the Bolsheviks acted as successors of the traditions of the radical direction in the Russian revolutionary movement: remaining on the basis of Marxism, Bolshevism at the same time incorporated the elements of the ideology and practice of Russian radicals of the 2nd half of the 19th century. Chernyshevsky, P. Tkachev, S. The Bolsheviks also used following the ideas of K. Kautsky and G.

Plekhanov the experience of the French revolution of the 18th century. The emergence of the faction during the formation of Bolshevism the special position of the Bolsheviks was manifested mainly in discussions on the organizational issue. He adhered to the party’s understanding as an illegal centralized organization of professional revolutionaries, suitable for conspiracy and seizing power.

Subsequently, she was consistent with the exceptional authority of Lenin - the leader and chief ideologist of the Bolsheviks. The composition of the leadership of the Bolsheviks changed, initially in the immediate environment of Lenin were A. Bogdanov, V. Vorovsky, G. Krzhizhanovsky, L. Krasin, A. Lunacharsky, M. Olminsky and others; Almost all of them at different times were declared not consistent Bolsheviks or “reconciliations”.

Activities during the revolution - GG. During the revolution - cg. According to the members of the faction, the place of the main driving force in the unfolding revolutionary events belonged to the proletariat, which opposed both the autocracy and the "liberal bourgeoisie." According to V. Lenin and his supporters, the victory of the proletariat would fully implement the minimum of the RSDLP and move to the socialist revolution.

The practical conclusions of this became the Bolsheviks of the peasant requirements of the confiscation of all the landlord, state and monastery lands, which meant the rejection of the programmatic situation of the RSDLP to return to the peasants only “segments”, the military-technical preparation of the uprising, the course to establish the “dictatorship of the proletariat and the peasantry”.

During the rise of the revolution, the Bolsheviks acted together with the Party of Socialist Revolutionaries, Mensheviks and other revolutionary organizations that applied violent methods of struggle, including the preparation and conduct of the October general political strike of the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks in the fight against the existing regime, incomprehensible by ordinary members of the factions The essence of the disagreements that arose between the leaders led to the temporary unification of both directions in the RSDLP at the turn - GG.

However, with the formal recognition by the Bolsheviks of the party’s unity, the fractional governing body - the Bolshevik center - the Bolshevik Center -; He consisted of members of the expanded edition of the factional newspaper Proletarian, the actual leaders-V. Lenin, A. Bogdanov, L. counting on armed overthrow of the autocracy, the Bolsheviks boycotted the elections to the State Duma of the 1st convocation.

In July, in the city of the Duma itself, as part of the Social Democratic faction, they opposed the government bills, including the Stolypin agrarian reform, put forward a number of radial requirements, for example, to declare universal political amnesty and supported the bills developed by the faction. Activities in - gg. After the revolution - cg. Many of them were forced to emigrate, a number of prominent Bolsheviks ceased political activities.

Some prominent representatives of the faction were excluded from its composition because of the discrepancies in the views with V. Lenin, among them a group of “rejection”, led by A. Bogdanov, demanded to withdraw social-democratic deputies from the State Duma, and considered only illegal means of struggle to be justified.

A group of “Bolshevik-Partians” I. Dubrovinsky, V. Nogin, A. Rykov and others also stood out from the faction. A significant part of the Bolsheviks considered the inevitable a close bourgeois revolution and advocated the expansion of the scale of conspiratorial activity. In the beginning of the x. Lenin finally refused to find compromises with other currents in the RSDLP and went to the final split with them.

Thus, the Bolsheviks actually turned into an independent party. Bolsheviks-deputies of the 4th State Duma in exile. With the city of Malinovsky, after it was established that Malinovsky worked for the political police, the faction was headed by G. With the outbreak of World War I - GG. Lenin rejected the slogan of the “protection of the Fatherland”, adopted by most Russian Social Democrats, and contrasted him with the slogan of “turning the imperialist war into a civil war”.

In August, the Bolsheviks in the city of the February Revolution G. Shlyapnikov, V. Molotov, P. Zalutsky and others.Subsequently, the leaders of the Petrograd and Moscow Bolsheviks, as well as the editors of the newspaper Pravda L. Kamenev, I. Stalin, M. Muranov considered the conditional support of the formed Provisional Government at constant pressure on it, which coincided with the tactics of the Mensheviks.

In the spring of G., the complete reorientation of the strategy and tactics of the Bolsheviks occurred with the return of V. Lenin from emigration to Russia in April at the April conference of the Bolsheviks [April 24–29 on May 7-12], he made the unfolded software statement of the April Abstracts. Lenin argued that in Russia a transition from the bourgeois-democratic revolution to the socialist, and since without the “overthrow of capital” it was impossible to stop the “imperialist war”, or the solution of general democratic tasks, all state power should go to the advice.

Therefore, he demanded to refuse to support the Provisional Government, to explain to the masses the "deceit" of his promises, to deal with the "revolutionary defense", i.e. the Bolsheviks entered into confrontation with all supporters of cooperation with the Government of the "agreements". The Bolshevik April conference completed the organizational and ideological isolation of the Bolsheviks into an independent political party: on it, Lenin’s proposals were mainly supported, on their basis it was decided to prepare a new party program, as well as add the word “Bolsheviks” to the name of the RSDLP.

The Bolsheviks performed one of the main organizers and participants in armed performances during the July events of G. in power during the October Revolution of G. Heads of military operations by the Bolsheviks in the headquarters of the Moscow Military District. In March, in the future, the name of the party changed, to the city of Rosental Isaac Solomonovich. First publication: Big Russian Encyclopedia, Actualization: editors of domestic history, published on June 14, the latest update on June 14 Contact the editors.