Biography of Nathan Eidelman

Pushkin, a specialist in the work of A. Herzen, a researcher of the Decembrists, both a secret society and “its individual representatives”, a candidate of historical sciences, a local historian who is immensely in love with the history of his country. Nathan Eidelman was born in Moscow. His father Yakov Naumovich was a native of Zhytomyr, lived and worked in Kyiv, where he "fell ill" the theater, engaged in the famous studio of the Jewish Theater "Amanun".

Yakov Eidelman was not destined to speak on stage. Having moved to Moscow, he became a specialist in the history of the theater, critic and journalist. Published in the central Soviet press. In the Great Patriotic War, he went to the front as a volunteer, fought in the tank troops, and later was a military correspondent. He went through the whole war, had combat awards.

From childhood, his son was immersed in historical and cultural imaginary travels-a talented, artistic storyteller fascinated and fascinated. And not only their son: young people gathered in the house who were interested in history, a Jewish People’s Theater. Someone from the "Theateraries" turned out to be a scammer. So Yakov Eidelman nevertheless happened to be an actor for some time, however, this theater was in one of the camps of the Gulag ...

Nathan Eidelman soon realized that everyone who was living, even those who are not interested in history. Those who enter the river of history consciously, meaningfully, carefully look around, listens to the sounds of the era, live much more interesting. But much more complicated. It is thoughtless and pointless to swim along the river of history thoughtlessly and pointlessly ...

After school, Nathan Eidelman entered the History Faculty of Moscow State University. Upon completion of training, he worked as a teacher at the school of working youth in the suburbs, and then in Moscow. The scientific mindset, a fairly “free -thinking and free thought” of the teacher of history and social science, Nathan Yakovlevich Aidelman, improved in good time - after March 5.

In parallel with work in the evening school, Eidelman became a guide, and then a researcher at the regional museum of the city of Istra. A brilliant lecturer, a passionate, charming young man “fell in love” with whole excursion groups into the history of his native land! The first publications of Nathan Eidelman appeared in a thaw. Soon he was expelled from the Komsomol for criticism of Stalinism from the theoretical position of Marxism.

That is, it was possible to debunk the cult of personality, but there is no theoretical base of Stalinism ... N. Eidelman defended his candidate dissertation in the year: "Correspondents of the" free printing "of Herzen and Ogarov during the breeding of the first revolutionary situation in Russia." Actually, this work became a bridge from bright enlighteners, leaders of public opinion of the XIX century by the age of XX.

The understanding of the experience of the bright “age of the past” was an alternative to the awareness of the XX Age of Cruel. For individuals of intellectual talent of such a scale as Eidelman, educational activity was a natural and necessary part of life. The history of Russian culture, social thought, and moral principles of Russian society in the presentation of Aidelman were and are still interesting to the thinking, indifferent people.

Serious scientific work with archival documents, comparing the letters of outstanding personalities of one circle, discovery, insight, for a man of talented, intelligent, intelligent, gently and carefully, thoughtfully and honestly related to the history of his country, was a meaningful life for Eidelman, happiness. Nathan Eidelman about history as a way of knowing the world: “There were two Russian stories: obvious and secret.

The former, borrowed from the official press and strained through censorship, is a meager, sometimes hopeless source. If the connection of the former and thoughts is obvious, then one knowledge of this fact requires the receipt for real thoughts of a natural former. ” Once, Yakov Naumovich Eidelman lit a research fire in the background of his big-eyed son.

He handed it to his daughter - Tamara Natanovna Eidelman, a wonderful teacher, enlightener, historian. Dynasty, family business and hobby, traditions of education and local history - this is wonderful!

The circle of communication between Eidelman was made up of like -minded people, "people of book and thoughts." Almost each of them had a complex life experience against the background of the tragic century: repression, loss, restrictions, war, evacuation or front, camp or link. One of the close and beloved comrades of Aidelman was Okudzhava. They united their enthusiasm for the history of the state and society, its moral principles, typical manifestations of a national character and personality - whether it be a small person or emperor.

Both of them easily moved a couple of centuries ago, as if recalling yesterday. It seemed to readers that it was so simple. But it was so instructive. And critics were looking for mistakes and inconsistencies, especially with Okudzhava. The ill -wishers were indignant: they were annoyed by the methodology of researchers and a too literary presentation and even the nationality of the authors.Okudzhava and Eidelman did not enter into empty disputes - why is it mediocre to spend time that can be devoted to his beloved Pushkin?

Here is what Nathan Yakovlevich wrote about the Lyceum, which largely formed Pushkin’s character: “Lyceum idyll, always more cloudless friendly consent - lies. Certain ideological, political contradictions between some lyceum are an important historical truth. But if this truth is slightly expanded, to imagine the impossibility of “lyceum closeness” with such different views-a lie will come out again, and in this case we won’t understand why the Decembrist Gorchakov is not at all, deadly risking, trying to help the Decembrist Pushchin after December 14th ...

”“ Thirty boys: together, in the total amount, they lived about one and a half thousand years. Including incomplete thirty -eight Pushkinsky - less “one percent”! These thirty-eight are the basis, the foundation of the history of one and a half thousand lyceum “man-ow” ... But what about without them, without the others, would not the best student develop in the first poet? Without their friendship, would Pushkin become Pushkin?

Without their jokes, praise, ridicule, letters, help, memory? And without him, without his thoughts, lines, fun, sadness, without immortality that he shared so generously with them? On the thin old porcelain, a portrait of the sovereign, who rose to the throne of the Russian Empire, was discharged by the group of the conspirators of his father - Emperor Paul I, the unloved son of Catherine II and her unloved husband Peter III.

Alexander Pavlovich will look for peace all his life, after a terrible test that has fallen to his lot. Or a terrible sin committed by him? Historical science has several points of view on this. God did not give the heir to Alexander, his reign was overshadowed by the war with the great commander Napoleon, but was marked by the triumphal entrance of the Russian troops to Paris.

Further rule and the very death of Emperor Alexander I will leave many speculations and riddles. Carefully examining the image of this favorite of the grandmother of Ekaterina the Great, one of the most beautiful monarchs of her time in the museum window, we will try to imagine what was happening in the soul of this man on the night of March 12, when his father was severely killed in a cold, uninhabited Mikhailovsky castle, both strange, and Edelman and Okudzhava were also carried away by the events of the life of this hero of our history.

It so happened that in their works both they tried to draw for us the complex conflicts of the life of the imperial family in the context of their influence on the fate of millions of citizens of the empire. The tragedy of Alexander I began at the time of the end of the tragedy of Paul I, and so on, in the depths of history ... And for Nathan Yakovlevich, and for Bulat Shalvovich, the personality of this emperor not only determined the time, topic and plot of historical research in the case of Aidelman - this is “the brink of centuries” and “your eighteenth century”, in the case of Okudzhava, a “meeting with Bonaparte”.

Eidelman and Okudzhava knew from their own experience that a fanatically convinced revolutionary romantic, and a talented writer, and a fearless commander, and the omnipotent owner of a huge empire, by the will of fate or history, could become small and defenseless one moment. From the works of Nathan Aidelman: “Joy,“ general joy ”... By the evening of March 12, there were not a single bottle of champagne in St.

Petersburg shops ... Exclamations are heard that passed the“ gloomy horrors of winter ”. Spring, real meeting of the XIX century »New Age! The king is young, beautiful ... round hats returned in a day. A kind of hussar officer on a horse gnaws right along the sidewalk - "now liberty!" So it was, but it was not so. Most of the country is illiterate, and at best it is indifferent as in the story of Cocebu: “The people began to come to their senses.

He remembered the quick and ambulance that Emperor Paul provided him; He began to fear the arrogance of the nobleman, which was supposed to wake up again ... "" We analyze the discrepancies unique for memoirs in the retelling of one episode by one person: something like Anthony’s speech in the Shakespearean "Julia Caesar" ... What a range! From a formidable look and swords of the general, "impressing Paul" to the same sword, ready to turn the killer into a suicide.

" Pushkin wrote about the folk element - “rebellious riot and merciless”, but at these minutes the noble rebellion accompanies the nobleness and merciless. It seems closest to the truth is the record made behind Bennigsen; Her meaning - that it would be wise to understand the killers themselves? Who struck the last blow: “Many conspirators, pushing each other from behind, fell on this disgusting group, and thus the emperor was strangled and crushed, and many of the eyewitnesses who stood behind knew exactly what was happening.

Prince Plato Zubov soon appears and as if he stops the dispersed officers: "Gentlemen, we came here to save the Fatherland, and not to give free revenge." So March 12, how I sat in the chair of the king of the eighteenth in the chair. Actors I am Pavel the First, the one who sits in Russia at the head.And I squeeze my head to the beat, I raise my hand like a hazard, but here's what I want to shout: “Tear out close outfits!