Burdenko biography

Born on May 22, on June 22, in the village of Kamenka, Nizhnelomovsky district of the Penza province, now the city of the Kamensky district of the Penza region. From the family of the clergyman. He graduated from the Kamensky Zemstvo School, the Penza Theological School of the year. He entered the Penza Theological Seminary, graduated from it in the year. In the year, against the will of his father, he entered the First Siberian Tomsk Imperial name of his Imperial Majesty Alexander II State Classical University of Tomsk State University.

In the year, Burdenko was expelled from the university for participating in the student revolutionary movement and was forced to leave Tomsk. Then the main qualities of the character of Burdenko, which he remained faithful to the last sigh, was manifested - an active life position, a decisive struggle with any difficulties arising, boiling initiative, dedication, patriotism.

Having worked for almost a year in a colony for children with tuberculosis, thanks to the help of a number of professors, Burdenko was allowed to return to the university. In the year, he is transferred to the University of Yuryev now in the city of Tartu in Estonia. In accordance with the then order, teachers and students went to fight epidemics. Burdenko was an indispensable participant in such medical detachments, participated in the elimination of the epidemics of typhoid, black smallpox, scarlet fever.

With the beginning of the Russo-Japanese War, a volunteer entered the military-sanitary detachment as a volunteer. Over a year in the detachment, he participated in the hostilities in Manchuria. He was wounded during the removal of wounded soldiers from under the fire of the enemy. He was awarded the soldier's St. George Cross. At the beginning of the year he returned from Manchuria, from March to August he worked as a subordinator in the 1st Riga City Clinical Hospital, then he again began to study at the university.

These circumstances allowed Nikolai Burdenko to graduate from Yuryevsky University only in the year, but he was already a large formed scientist and practitioner. From the year - a surgeon of the Penza Zemstvo hospital. In the year he defended his thesis and became a doctor of medicine. Since the year - Professor of the University of Yuryevo at the Department of Operational Surgery and Topographic Anatomy.

At the beginning of the First World War, he again voluntarily achieved his appointment to the army. Since September, an assistant to the head of the Medical Part of the Red Cross under the armies of the North-Western Front, since December, the head of the StatePaline in Warsaw, from February-a surgeon-consultant in the Vilensky and Rigo-Kovenesky districts, since August-surgeon-consultant of the 2nd Army of the Western Front, s-a surgeon-consultant of the State Pedagogical Code of the Riga.

He was engaged in organizing military-sanitary detachments, hospitals and medical and evacuation points. He operated a lot in field and army hospitals. He actively sought to improve medical care of the wounded at all stages, starting with their evacuation from the battlefield. In March, under the Provisional Government, he was appointed the executive of the chief military-sanitary inspector of the Russian army, from May-the main field military-sanitary inspector.

In the summer of the year, he was shell -shocked in battle when leaving for the army. For health reasons, he returned to the University of Yuryev and was appointed head of the Department of Surgery, which was once led by his highest authority - the great professor N. Professor N. Burdenko immediately deliberately accepted the October Revolution. In the year with a group of professors, he moved from Yuryev to Voronezh, one of the initiators of the creation of Voronezh University and a professor in it.

In the year he accepted the offer to work in Moscow. From the year - a professor at the Faculty of Medical University, in the year transformed into the 1st Moscow Medical Institute. At this institute, Burdenko, until the end of his life, led the faculty surgical clinic, now bearing his name. The author of the first "Regulation on the military-sanitary service of the Red Army." Since the year, Nikolai Burdenko is the director of the neurosurgical clinic at the X -ray Institute of the People’s Commissariat of Health of the USSR, on the basis of which the Central Neurosurgical Institute was established in the world - the first in the world.

Nikolai Burdenko was one of the first to introduce into clinical practice the surgery of the central and peripheral nervous system; studied the cause of the occurrence and methods of treating shock, made a great contribution to the study of processes that arise in the central and peripheral nervous system due to surgical intervention, in acute injuries; He developed a bulbotomy - an operation in the upper spinal cord.

Burdenko created a school of surgeons with a pronounced experimental direction. The valuable contribution of Burdenko and his school to the theory and practice of neurosurgery was the work in the field of oncology of the central and autonomic nervous system, the pathology of cerebrospinal fluid, cerebral circulation, etc. Nikolai Burdenko produced the genuine revolution in the treatment of brain tumors.

Operations on the brain to Burdenko were rarely carried out and were units all over the world. Professor Burdenko developed simpler methods of conducting these operations and thereby made them massive.In addition, he proposed a number of original operations, which were never performed before him. Thousands of people were saved from death and severe diseases due to the fact that Professor Burdenko opened the opportunity to perform operations on the solid shell of the spinal cord, transplant areas of nerves, and operate on the deepest and most important areas of the spinal cord.

The surgeons of England, the USA, Sweden and other countries came to Moscow to join new ideas and learn from the Soviet scientist. Despite the progressive loss of hearing, he worked extremely a lot. In the year he was appointed chief surgeon-consultant at the Military Medical Directorate of the Red Army. In the year, N. And a few months later, the summer academician went to the front of the Soviet-Finnish war, where he spent the entire period of hostilities.

It was according to the experience of the Finnish war that Burdenko developed an advanced regulation on military field surgery, which was implemented and successfully applied in the Great Patriotic War. He was the editor -in -chief of a number of medical journals. Then he is appointed by the chief surgeon of the Red Army and spends a lot of time on the fronts. Often, for complex operations, he got to regimental and divisional nurses.

Personally performed thousands of complex operations. He organized the work on the operational collection of materials about injuries and the introduction of the latest methods of treatment into the practice. During the war years, he created a doctrine of a military wound. At the head of the doctors brigade, he personally experiences new drugs in front -line hospitals - streptocide, sulfidin, penicillin.

Soon, at his insistence, these drugs began to use surgeons of all military hospitals. Many thousands of wounded soldiers and officers were saved thanks to the incessant scientific searches that Burdenko held the whole war. In the year, when crossing the Neva, Academician Burdenko fell under the bombardment and was shell -shocked. The consequences turned out to be very severe - one after another he transferred two hemorrhages to the brain, then a stroke, almost completely lost hearing.

The scientist was evacuated to Omsk. However, Burdenko continued to work in a hospital bed, and as soon as the improvement came, he immediately returned to Moscow and again began traveling to the front. By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated May 8, for outstanding scientific merits in the field of Soviet medicine and selfless fruitful work on organizing surgical assistance to fighters and commanders of the Red Army, wounded in battles with German invaders, Burdenko Nikolai Nilovich was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the award of the Order of Lenin and the Golden Av.

Sickle and Hammer. At her first meeting in the same year, Nikolai Nilovich Burdenko was elected academician and first president of this academy. Author from above scientific works. The merits of N. Burdenko to his homeland during the Great Patriotic War cannot be overestimated. He is one of the organizers and leading leaders of Soviet military medicine, on the head of the armies of our opponents and almost all allies that exceeded medicine.

At the end of the Great Patriotic War, Burdenko was appointed chairman of the commission to investigate the murders of Polish officers in Katyn. In the conclusion of the commission, which signed Burdenko, the responsibility for these crimes was assigned to the Germans. He continued to work until the last days of his life. In the summer of the year, the third hemorrhage occurred in the brain, the scientist was a lot of time during death.

Having recovered a little, he began preparing his scientific report at the next congress of surgeons and wrote it right on the hospital bed. He died from the consequences of the hemorrhage on November 11 in Moscow. Military rank 1. Military titles were buried at the Novodevichy cemetery: Lieutenant General of the Medical Service 1.

Awarded 3 orders of Lenin Laureate of the Stalin Prize, an outstanding scientist received international recognition during his lifetime. He was elected an honorary member of the International Society of Surgeons in Brussels, the London Royal Society of Surgeons, the Paris Academy of Surgery, the Honorary Doctor of the Algerian University Named after N. Burdenko is named neurosurgery in Moscow, the main military hospital of the Ministry of Defense, and the faculty surgical clinic of the I.

Medical Academy before the sanatorium building was established. The bust of the scientist is in the State Tretyakov Gallery. At the buildings of the Research Institute of Neurosurgery in Moscow and the Penza Regional Clinical Hospital, monuments to the great scientist are erected. In Penza, the House-Museum of N. Memorial boards were opened in Moscow at the building of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, in Voronezh at the house in which he also lived on the building of the Voronezh State Medical Academy.

The Academy of Medical Sciences of the Russian Federation awards the N. Burdenko Award for the best work on neurosurgery.