Biography of Eh Leongard
His father, Pavel E. Father intended his son to a spiritual career, but, interested in mathematics, taught her his son, hoping that she would later come in handy as an interesting and useful occupation. At the end of home education, young E. possessing an excellent memory, E. Professor John Bernoulli, he invited the young man to deal with him separately, in special hours, to clarify the ambiguities and difficulties that were found in the works recommended by Professor E., having received these objects in the city, but the attraction to the mathematical sciences developed more and more.
Frequent conversations with John Bernoulli on mathematical mathematical issues of the Professor’s family Dali E. The general attraction to mathematics connected them to E. in the city of Nikolai and Daniil Bernoulli were invited to the member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, recently founded by the Empire Catherine I in fulfillment of the intentions of Peter the Great.
Leaving, the young Bernoulli promised E. The next year they said that for E., having learned about this, E. diligently and successfully studying the sciences of the medical faculty, E. The latter, written on the topic proposed by the French Academy, was adopted by the Academy in the city of E. The professor was not able to take the place of the professor here, and he went to St.
Petersburg, where, on the recommendation of academicians Hermann and Daniil Bernoulli, he was appointed the adjunct of the Academy in mathematics and immediately actively and diligently began to work on various issues of applied mathematics. Almost on the day of E. arrival, the new orders and the new management began to threaten even the very existence of a young institution.
Foreign academics had to think about returning to their homeland. Admiral Sivers, anticipating the benefits that such a scientist can bring to the fleet, exhausted for E. However, due to the release of several academicians and their departure to the homeland of E. possessing a huge talent, E. According to the academicians, it was necessary to use several months of labor for this.
Soon after, in the city of the need for this book was great; A lot of articles were written on various issues of mechanics, but there was no good treatise on mechanics, and the treatises that existed before that time were unsatisfactory. Then, in G. at this cruel time, E. It is obvious that when an invitation of this acquaintance of the scientist, the Berlin Academy, which had fallen into decay due to a long war, was already inviting.
Encouraged by the king’s attention, E. It indicates a way of integrating rational fractions by decomposing them into private fractions and, in addition, the usual way to integrate linear ordinary equations of the highest order with constant coefficients is presented. Starting from G., this continued to the volume of the XXV g. Not wanting to interrupt relations with the St. Petersburg Academy, he found many material for other memoirs, which fill Tom from IX G.
In addition, E. So, in the city, the main type of isoperimetric issues can be the question of determining the closed curve, which, under this perimeter, contains the smallest area. Similar issues were interested and dealt with geometers, modern E. issues require the definition of such a function that some integral, which concludes this function under the sign of the integral, would be the smallest or largest.
When solving, a certain differential equation is obtained, which must satisfy the desired function. The isperimetric issues also include questions about determining the movement of the material system, provided that the integral expressing the action, see the author, considers all such issues and leads them to questions about the integration of differential equations.
After it, only the presentation of the solution of such issues changed, but the essence of the method remained the same. In the same G., at the request of King E., in the composition of Robins, known in the history of artillery in the inventor of the ballistic pendulum, see the formulas of ballistics obtained in this law, are presented in a very difficult form, inconvenient for use.
For the theory of magnetic phenomena, based on the assumption of the flow of broadcasting through the intervals between atoms, the author received the award of the French Academy. Almost everything that is taught and now in the courses of the highest algebra and higher analysis is in this book. In the first volume of it with extraordinary clarity and simplicity, the properties of rational and transcendental functions are presented: trigonometric, circular, demonstrative and logarithmic, decomposition of the latter into the rows, their presentation in the form of endless works; Properties of continuous fractions.
In the second volume, the analytical study of the curves of the second, third and fourth order and surfaces of the second order. In the 4th chapter of this part, the formula for converting the coordinates of rectangular into rectangular ones are displayed during the change in the beginning of the coordinates and the direction of the axes; Here, for the first time, those three angles that are called Elerine angles are introduced and play a significant role in the cinema of the solid.This is a complete and systematic essay on navigation, which contains the theory of equilibrium and sustainability of the courts, the consideration of issues about pitching on a jerk, about the shape of ships and shipbuilding, the movement of vessels by the power of wind and the control of the vessel.
The composition of this was preceded by some memoirs of the author in different scientific publications, of which two were crowned with awards of Franz. From the king and from the empress, the author received significant cash awards for this essay. It was translated into Italian, English and Russian languages. This book contains a systematic and complete presentation of the grounds for differential calculus and its application to the teachings of the ranks, to solve equations, to finding the greatest and smallest values of functions, to the disclosure of indefinite expressions.
When dealing with questions about the refraction of light rays and writing a lot of memoirs about this subject, E. The English artist Dollond, who opened two different refractiveness of the glass variety, following the instructions of E. wrote a lot of these questions not only in mathematical, but also in practical terms. One of these questions is the question of the so -called.
Among the practical mechanics of the objects that E. Friedrich the Great, who fully appreciated the ingenious talent and extensive knowledge of the great geometer, gave him instructions of a purely engineering nature; So, in the city, there were many articles on hydraulics written by E. Biographers E. Catherine II to return to the Academy of Sciences on any conditions that E. Despite the persuasion to stay from a royal house, he accepted the invitation and arrived in St.
Petersburg in the month of June. He just settled in a house purchased for him at the expense of the empress, as he was undergoing a serious illness, after which he lost his left eye due to the formation of cataracts. Thanks to the services of his people and his sons, E. The latter belongs to "Instituteum Calculi Integralis", published in St. Petersburg in -70s.
This wonderful book contains the solution of many issues of accurate or approximate integration of differential equations of ordinary degrees and orders and differential equations with private derivatives, and in addition, there is also variational calculus. In hydrodynamics, the author wrote more than twenty memoirs. The equations of first -order hydrodynamics with private derivatives from the projections of speed, density and pressure are called the hydrodynamic equations of Euler.
The ratio is this: the sum of the number of peaks and faces is equal to the number of ribs plus two. Descartes suspected this ratio, but E. In them he proved many properties of numbers given before it without evidence. So, he proved and summarized the farmat theory of comparisons in the theory of comparisons. From the G. In tirelessness and perseverance in the scientific research of E., shortly after the fire, the skilled OKALISTIST Baron Ventzel performed the operation of relieving cataracts, but E.
Craft and lex. He was buried in St. Petersburg at the Smolensk cemetery. Three sons of him and their children remained in Russia. The best monument of his glory and scientific activity would be a complete publication of all his articles and works, the number of which extends to, but this will require significant funds, since the number of printed sheets will be near the biographies of E.
Leonard Euler par N. FUSS "SPb. Euler, Tradeit du Latin Par M. Euler Pa R de Contorcet" Essay on some works and articles E. I, 11,; III,