Biography of Grigory Kvitka

The classic of Ukrainian literature, the great writer and playwright, the founder of the genre of fiction in Ukrainian literature. Achievements of Grigory Kvitka-Osnovyanenko. If Aeneid Kotlyarevsky showed that the Ukrainian language is ideal for writing literary works, then Grigory Kvitka was the first to create a full -fledged genre of epic prose, forcing the world to read it for years, translating its stories, and historical stories about Ukraine into dozens of languages ​​of the world.

He is the author of the first serious art works written in the literary Ukrainian language. With his work, Kvitka-Osnovyanenko forced the last skeptics among the intelligentsia of the Russian Empire, who had previously considered the Ukrainian “folk” language unsuitable for full-scale literary creativity, in extreme cases, except how to write comic works on it.

So, thanks to Grigory Kvitka-Osnovyanenko, the Ukrainian nation received a full-fledged literary prose, and after a decade and poetry T., a contemporary of Kvitka-Osnovyanenko philosopher and publicist Alexander Herzen once called the literature the only tribune, from the height of which the people deprived of public freedom can force the whole world to hear the scream of their indignation.

The elevation in the works of Kvitka-Osnovyanenko of ordinary Ukrainian peasants-workers, the demonstration of their rich inner world was a silent cry for the writer with an appeal to stop the destruction of Ukrainian identity. Kvitka -Osnovyanenko is a marker of vices in Ukrainian society, which set a certain “standard” of subsequent Ukrainian literature. Another contemporary of Kvitka, the German philosopher Ludwig Feuerbach claimed that real writers play the role of conscience in every nation.

For the Ukrainian nation, Enjanenko, undoubtedly, was also a conscience. The satirical works of the writer, with a label of some vices of the society of that time, obviously, were an attempt to shame the people, to make it better, honest and kinder. Literary critics are united in the opinion that the emergence of stories and the stories of Kvitka-Osnovyanenko, written in the Ukrainian language, can be considered an important stage in the development of not only the work of the writer, but also Ukrainian literature.

Thanks to Kvitka, there was a significant improvement in the quality of works in Ukrainian, literature became more realistic, approached the people. Kvitka -Osnovyanenko is the founder of many genres of Ukrainian literature. Over the time period, up to the thirties of the 19th century in the new Ukrainian literature, active development was recorded mainly in poetry and drama. Over time, the Ukrainian intelligentsia realized that the list of genres must be expanded.

The response of the era to a public request was the emergence of the work of Grigory Kvitka-Osnovyanenko. In the works of the famous Kharkov writer, reality is displayed in the cognitive perspective. The writer did not try to show readers of the characters distant or funny. On the pages of the works of Kvitka, every reading person could learn a life familiar from childhood.

Grigory Kvitka-Osnovyanenko made the Ukrainian village with decorations on stage, where the emotions of the heroes were funded. Through the depths of human experiences, masterfully painted by the writer, Kvitka told contemporaries about the bright colors of the Ukrainian soul. Over time, the literature ceased to be just entertainment, it was entrusted with a realistic and cognitive function.

The reflection of realities in a wide spectrum, with human difficulties, experiences, a demonstration of the personality and life of people in complex forms of being forced writers to look for new genres. To realize the tasks, writers decided to begin to create an epic in prose, it was Kvitka-Osnovyanenko’s beginning of this activity. The first novels, novels, and stories came out from the pen of Kvitka-Osnovyanenko.

The founder of fiction in Ukrainian literature very accurately determined the needs of the historical period. The first work of the writer in prose was his famous story “Maroussia”. It is noteworthy that the basis for writing a work was a discussion about the artistic potential of the Ukrainian language. The writers of that time argued quite sharply, discussing the creative capabilities of the Ukrainian literary language.

Until the Kvitka writes his story, critics seriously doubted that using the Ukrainian language you could create a prosaic creation. Moreover, none of the contemporaries of the writer seriously believed in the possibility of creating the story of the tragic. Kvitka -Osnovyanenko is a writer who brought Ukrainian literature to the people. Scenes from the life of ordinary residents of the Ukrainian village, a simple Ukrainian people inspired Kvitka-Snovanenka and served as the basis for the subsequent construction of the storyline.

In addition to Marusi, he became the author of several other non -rhymant works. The stories and novels of Kvitka are considered by literary critics as a huge step in the direction of close to the people.It should be noted that in the historical era, when Kvitka-Osnovyanenko created, the Lord's estate referred to slaves, as creatures spiritually inferior, a certain variety of working livestock.

The image of these same bakeries, in most cases of silent workers, as heroes, was a new literary technique, to some extent even complex. Nevertheless, positive characters in the works of Kvitka-Osnovyanenko always belonged to the number of bakeries. Kvitka became the first Ukrainian writer to show everyday life of ordinary workers truthfully, even with some sympathy.

It was the people who are the Khlboros, the usual rural hard workers in the works of the writer acted as positive characters, endowed with deep spirituality, simply amazingly a wide range of emotions. Ukrainian stories and stories of the authorship of Kvitka-Osnovyanenko are written as a living narrative, which is conducted on behalf of the “man from the people”, a wise old man living in one of the Kharkov suburbs.

The story is conducted on behalf of the wise experience of the old -timer Grishka, Tseloyanenko. The image of a folk narrator gave the writer the opportunity to see and evaluate events from the point of view of an ordinary rural resident, weave folklore materials into the plot thread, which only increased the artistic expressiveness of the works, their truthfulness.

Grigory Fedorovich Kvitka-Osnovyanenko call critics to the outstanding Ukrainian writer of the Doshechenkovsky era. He is the founder and ancestor of the new Ukrainian prose, the author of the first story, the story, the genre of social comedy. In the eyes of society, Kvitka exalted a resident of the Ukrainian village, a simple worker. The writer showed not only to Ukrainian society, but also to readers from all over the world to the heart of a simple man-chlobor who knows how not only to work, but also to love with all his heart.

Interesting about Kvitka-Osnovyanenko. As the contemporaries of the writer recall, Kvitka-Osnovyanenko was an interesting person, pleasant in communication. On the life path of a great Ukrainian came across different, sometimes even comic cases: the first works of Kvitka-Osnovyanenko wrote in Russian in a year. The poetry and stories of Kvitka-Osnovyanenko are published on the pages of the Ukrainian Herald, whose co-editor was the writer himself, as well as in the publication "Bulletin of Europe".

The samples of the pen of the desired approval of critics were not received. The literary critics of that time called the works of Kvitka “not too perfect”; Only the Ukrainian language helped all the faces of the talent of Grigory Kvitka-Osnovyanenko. In the early 30s of the 19th century, he began to write in his native language. Contemporaries of the writer note that the personality of the spouse of Kvitka-Osnyanenko is of no small importance in the development of writing talent.

According to the writer's acquaintances, thanks to Anna Grigoryevna, the famous Kharkovites managed to become a writer. The wife was for Kvitka-Osnovyanenko the first grateful reader and a very strict critic. She worked with a cool lady at the Kharkov Institute of Noble Maidens. At the insistence of the spouse, the writer, after the first unsuccessful attempt and the devastating reaction of the critics, decided to write again; Anna Grigoryevna Kvitka-Osnovyanenko, the writer's wife of the work of Kvitka-Osnovyanenko is so humane, they contain excessive sympathy for people that even Ivan Franco called him one of the writers who became one of the first authors of the “human story”; The readers of the dramatic works of Kvitka-Osnovyanenko were more to their taste than prose.

They buried a quit at the Kholodnogorsk cemetery, but in years the church was demolished at the burial site, freeing a place for the construction of the Labor Reserves stadium. The tombstone was transferred to the Pokrovsky Cathedral, and after a while - to 2 city cemetery. Now it is hardly possible to say with confidence whose dust rests under the tombstone with the name of the famous writer; The story of his family is known from the words of the playwright.

In the year, in Kyiv, it is not known where the old grandfather with a grandson of a clatter named Gregory came from. After some time, his grandfather was gone, and Gregory took root in Kyiv. The guy was very beautiful and kind in nature, therefore they began to call him a receipt when he grew up - just a receipt. The handsome guy attracted the attention of the daughter of the Kyiv governor, the girl also liked the girl.

After a secret wedding, the newlyweds persuade a small group of Cossacks, together they fly to the free, little developed at that time the land of the Left Bank. On the banks of the Udya River, the fugitives founded a settlement, which then grew to Kharkov, often called the first capital of Ukraine. The great-great-granddaughter of the founder of the farm, modern Ukrainians know how Grigory Kvitko-Osnovyanenko.

This story was set out in one of his works by the writer himself, historical facts of a beautiful story do not confirm. Biography of Grigory Kvitka-Osnovyanenko. The mother brought the mother to the Ozereyansk desert with the hope of healing the boy.After prayers and washing the face of the child with water from the Onufrievsky source, a miracle happened - Gregory began to insight; Education at the beginning of his life received rather scarce, studied at home; At 23, he entered the Podgorodny Kuryazhsky Monastery, where he stayed for about 4 years.

After leaving the monastery to the moment of enthusiasm for theatrical and social activities, he led a half -smearing lifestyle; The active development of Kharkov’s public life began with the opening of the university in the year, and a permanent theater arose in the city in the year. In the activities of the theater, Kvit was directly involved - as an actor, playwright, and then a theater historian; In the year, Kvitka-Osnovyanenko founded the Institute of Noble Maidens, establishes the publication process, publishes and edits the first in Ukraine the Kharkov Democritus and Ukrainian Herald of the Kharkov Democritus and Ukrainian Bulletin.

At the same time, the writer is engaged in raising funds for the opening of a public library in Kharkov; Over the course of time, Kvitka is chosen 4 times to the position of leader of the nobility of the Kharkiv Povet; The beginning of the literary activity of Kvitka-Osnovyanenko is dated; In the year, the first collection “Little Russian Stories told by the Grytski Basyanennok” was published, which included the works “Maroussia”, “Saldatsky Patret” and “Dead Great”.

The second collection was published in the year. The most famous work in the Russian language is the historical and everyday novel “Pan Halyavsky”. Malication of the memory of Kvitka-Osnovyanenko.