Ernst Henry Haeckel Biography

Ernst Henry Haeckel - the author was born about the author: February 16, author of the terms Pithecanthropus, phylogenesis and ecology. In his youth, starting from the year, he studied medicine and natural science in the Berlin, Würzburg and Vienna universities. In the year he passed the exam and received a doctor’s diploma, although he had never been involved in medical practice later.

At this time, he is most interested in research of wildlife, primarily zoology and comparative microscopic anatomy. In the year, Haeckel participated in a scientific expedition to Italy, during which in Florence he acquired a powerful microscope in the workshop of the famous naturalist and optics of Amichi. During the Italian trip, Haeckel ... meets Herman Allemers, whose views made an indelible impression on Haeckel.

He writes in the same summer in a letter: "Through Him, my Own Enthusiasm for Drawing Was Rekindled. Its Largely Him I Have to Thor Enabling ME to DRAW EVERYTHING WITHITH TWISE AS MUCH Freshness and Accuracy. Indeed in Messina, At the End of Oour Wanderings Together, Such Was HIS Influence That I Was on the Point Direction Altogether, of Abandoning Natural Science in Favor of Becomping a Landscape Painter.

To a large extent, I have to thank him for being two times easier and more precisely. I have not calmed down until all the landscapes that became so loved by me were sketched in my album. Indeed, in Messina, at the end of our joint journey, under its influence, I was ready to abandon the natural ones. sciences and become a landscape painter. " Soon, Haeckel began to study the sea plankton in the Messinsky Strait.

Research was carried out for six months with the help of a new microscope. As a result, new types of radiolaries were discovered. This area of ​​research has become for him one of the main until the end of his life.

During the time of Haeckel, several hundred types of radiolaries were known, in modern science it was known that more Ernst Haeckel presented a report on the topic of radiolaries in the year, at the thirty -fifth congress of the Society of German Naturalists and Doctors. In the year, at the age of twenty-eight years, Haeckel was appointed Adjunct Professor, later a Privat-Doche at the University of Yena.

From the years, Geckel was a professor of Jena University. The strongest effect on Haeckel was exerted by Darwin ideas. He made a public speech about Darwinism at a meeting of the German Scientific Society, and his book “General Morphology of organisms” “Generalle Morphologie der Organismen” was published. Haeckel developed the theory of the origin of multicellular the so -called theory of Gasters, formulated a biogenetic law, according to which the main stages of its evolution are reproduced in the individual development of the body, built the first genealogical tree of the animal kingdom.

The theory of Gasters brought him fame and was recognized by the majority of scientists until relatively recently. Currently, evolutionists, along with the theory of Gastrula, are considered as a well -founded theory of Fagocyella, proposed by I. Mechnikov in the GG. Grazkutkin, and others. Continuing their zoological research in the laboratory and during expeditions to the island of Madeira, Ceylon, Egypt and Algeria, Haeckel publishes monographs on radiolarias, deep-sea jellyfish, deep-sea pushes, as well as its last systematic work-impressive “systematic phylony” “Systematische Philogenie ” -; Russian translation of the year.

For zoological research, he took trips to Helgoland and Nice, worked in Naples and Messin. Geckel was one of the first German zoologists to support the theory of Darwin. Based on this theory and on the data of embryology, Haeckel made an attempt to give a rational system of the animal kingdom, based on the phylogenesis of animals. Haeckel paid special attention to the importance of the history of the development of the individual, or ontogeny, for the question of the origin of the species itself or its phylogy.

The starting point for the views of Haeckel was the stage of embryonic development, called Haeckel Gastrula. Geckel believed that this stage repeats the common ancestor of all animals. Hekkel called this alleged ancestor gasters and tried to explain how various types of animal kingdom developed from it. The doctrine of gasters was later recognized as erroneous. Geckel introduced the genealogy of the plant kingdom, ranging from the most simple forms, to the other forms, to the main, considered for the most developed and perfect forms.

After Haeckel, he completely goes into the development of philosophical aspects of evolutionary theory. He becomes a passionate apologist for “monism”-a scientific and philosophical theory, designed to replace religion, founds the “League of Monists”, in order to popularize the racist version of Social Darwinism. Detailed biography.