Biography of Stalins father

We reprint the archival article about Comrade Stalin exactly in the form in which it was published in the desktop calendar for the year, and then give comments on experts. The article is quite voluminous, so it will be published in two parts. Today, the first part is proposed to readers, the continuation - exactly in a week. So, we continue to “live in the forty -first”, penetrating the atmosphere of that time.

Part 7. Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin Dzhugashvili was born on December 21, his father, by nationality of Georgians, came from the peasants of the village of Didi-Lilo, by profession a shoemaker, later Adelekhanov’s worker in Tiflis. Mother - Ekaterina Georgievna - from the family of the serf peasant Geladze village Gambareuli. In the fall, G. Stalin entered the Gorya Theological School.

In the city of Stalin he graduated from the spiritual school and in the same year entered the Tiflis Theological Seminary. In the X years in Transcaucasia, the propaganda of Marxism began. The Tiflis Seminary was then a nursery of all kinds of liberation ideas among young people. The Jesuit regime prevailing in the seminary caused a stormy protest in Stalin, nourished and strengthened revolutionary sentiments in it.

Fifteen -year -old Stalin becomes a revolutionary. In - gg. Stalin is at the head of the revolutionary Marxist circles in the seminary. In August, Comrade Stalin became a member of the Mesama-Dasi group, the first Georgian Social Democratic Organization. With the advent of Stalin, a revolutionary Marxist group - Stalin, Tsulukidze, Ketskholywies arose and took shape within this organization.

This group was the germ of the revolutionary social democracy in Georgia. Stalin during this period conducts intensive propaganda work in working circles, participates in illegal working meetings, writes leaflets, organizes strikes. This was the first school of revolutionary practical work, passed by Stalin among the advanced proletarians of Tiflis. Stalin is excluded from the seminary for the propaganda of Marxism.

Already at that time, Stalin is one of the most energetic and prominent workers of the Tiflis Social-Democratic Organization. When, from December, on the night of March 22, Stalin goes to an illegal position. From that moment on, he leads the tense, heroic life of the professional revolutionary of the Leninist school. Stalin is the organizer and leader of this demonstration.

Since September, Stalin has entered the committee. At the end of November, Stalin organized a well -known political demonstration of Batuman workers. In the same period, Stalin organizes revolutionary propaganda in the village. Stalin was arrested and first imprisoned in Batuma, and then in the Kutaisis prison. In prison, Stalin learns about the struggle between the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks at the II Congress and resolutely stands to the side of Lenin, the Bolsheviks.

The faithful support of Lenin in the fight against the Mensheviks in the Caucasus was Stalin, who was at the head of the Transcaucasian Bolsheviks. Stalin persistently conducts Lenin's directives, develops and defends Bolshevik ideas before the masses, organizes the struggle for the III Congress. In December, Stalin leads the grandiose strike of the Baku workers, which ended with the conclusion of the first collective agreement in Russia in Russia.

At the beginning of the city, in this brochure, as well as in the article “The answer of the Social Democrat”, he made a decisive protection of the ideological foundations of the Marxist party. Stalin's performance met Lenin's complete approval. Stalin played in the Caucasus an outstanding role in the ideological defeat of Menshevism and the protection of ideological, organizational, tactical and theoretical foundations of the Marxist party.

The works of Stalin are a model of consistent protection of the positions of Leninism, are distinguished by theoretical depth and intransigence to opportunism. In a number of articles, Stalin justifies the Leninist line at the II Congress and after it. In the article “The class of proletarians and the party of proletarians” published on January 1, the article “How does Social Democracy understand the national question?

Stalin substantiates and explains the party on the national issue, subjected to crushing criticism the opportunistic principle of the national demarcation of the proletariat, consistently defends the Internationalist type of construction of proletarian class organizations. In this article, Stalin acts as a major theorist of the national question, masterfully owning the Marxist dialectical method.

In it, ideas developed later by Stalin in his work “Marxism and the National Question” are given in it. The Caucasian Union Committee, led by Stalin, tirelessly promoted the decisions of the III Congress, called workers and peasants to an armed uprising.

On the same day, speaking at a work rally, Stalin said: “What do we need to really win? For this, three things are needed: the first is weapons, the second is weapons, the third is again and again weapons. ” In November, Stalin exposed and smashed the Mensheviks as opponents of the revolution and an armed uprising.At this conference, Stalin, as one of the outstanding party leaders, was elected to the political commission for editing the conference resolutions, where he worked with Lenin.

After the Congress, Stalin is again in the Transcaucasia, where he wages an irreconcilable struggle against Menshevism and other antiproletarian movements. In the atmosphere of the recession of the revolutionary wave and the beginning of the reaction, Lenin, protecting the theoretical foundations of Bolshevism, writes his ingenious work “Materialism and empiriocriticism”. Stalin is also in defense of the theoretical foundations of Marxism.

In a series of remarkable articles “anarchism or socialism” published in - gg. With exceptional depths, the indigenous issues of Marxist-Leninist theory were posed and resolved in this work: the inevitability and inevitability of the socialist revolution and dictatorship of the proletariat, the need for a military proletarian party, a part of a new type, different from the old, reformist parties of the II of the II, sets out the basics of the party strategy and tactics.

These articles of Stalin are included in the ideological treasury of our party, as a serious contribution to the theory of Marxism-Leninism. He later published his “Notes of the delegate”, in which he gave the workshop an assessment of the work and results of the congress. 10 years passed between the end of the first and the beginning of the second revolution, during which the Bolsheviks selflessly and stubbornly organized the masses, raising them in a revolutionary spirit, directed their struggle, forged the impending victory of the revolution.

During these years, Lenin and Stalin fought an irreconcilable struggle for the preservation and strengthening of an illegal revolutionary party, for carrying out the Bolshevik line in a new environment, carried out hard work on organizing and educating the working masses. Tsarism felt that in the person of Stalin, he dealt with the largest revolutionary figure, and in every possible way sought to deprive Stalin’s opportunity to conduct revolutionary work.

Arrests, prison and exile followed each other. Having returned from the V Congress of the RSDLP, Comrade Stalin moves to Baku and is doing a boiling work to rally the Baku organization around the slogans of the Bolshevik party. Stalin ralles around him a strong core of the tested Bolsheviks-Ordzhonikidze, Voroshilov, Japaridze, Shaumyan, Spandaryan and others. The Baku proletariat under the leadership of Stalin, in the gloomy season of the Stolypin reaction, is conducting a heroic struggle, being in the forefront of the all-Russian revolutionary movement.

The party organization of Baku turns into the citadel of Bolshevism. Stalin was arrested after almost 8 months of imprisonment for 2 years in the Vologda province, to Solvychegodsk, from where he fled in June, he returned to Baku, Stalin again took up the further strengthening of the Bolshevik organizations of the Caucasus. Stalin entirely supports Lenin’s position, decisively opposes the liquidators and recks.

Stalin was again arrested and after a half -year imprisonment sent back to the exile in Solvychegodsk. From this link at the end of the city, at the end of the summer, Stalin again runs out of exile. Returning to St. Petersburg, he launched a huge work to rally the Bolshevik organizations, and led the Zvezda newspaper. The central body of the Bolshevik party - the daily mass newspaper Pravda, which was published in St.

Petersburg - was founded according to Lenin, at the initiative of Stalin. Stalin was arrested in St. Petersburg and sent to the distant Narymsky Territory for 3 years. But on September 1, here he edits the Bolshevik newspapers Star and Pravda, leads the activities of the Bolsheviks in the election campaign in the IV State Duma. Together with Stalin in St. Petersburg, Molotov works. Between Lenin and Stalin, an even closer connection is established.

In his letters, Lenin fully approves the activities of Stalin. Stalin twice leaves for Krakow to Lenin: in November and at the end of December, being abroad, Stalin writes the work “Marxism and the national question”, which Lenin appreciated very highly. This work of Stalin was the largest performance by Bolshevism on the national issue in the international arena before the war.

It was a program declaration of Bolshevism on a national issue. Stalin was arrested and sent for 4 years in a distant Turukhansky Territory, to the Kurike machine, to the polar circle itself. At a meeting of exile Bolsheviks, Stalin stigmatizes the cowardly and treacherous behavior of Kamenev in court at the Bolshevik “five” - deputies of the IV State Duma, exposes the antiproletarian preaching of the cracks, Levitsky and Plekhan and Western European inspectionists on the attitude of the imperialist war.

Cut off from the whole world, divorced from Lenin and party centers, Stalin occupies the Leninist internationalist position on the issues of war, peace and revolution. Stalin is sent to Krasnoyarsk in the stage, and then to the city of Achinsk. Here he is found by the news of the February Revolution. Stalin arrives in St. Petersburg - the revolutionary capital of Russia.