Detailed biography of Haydn

Haydn is a necessary and strong link in the chain of symphonic composer; If he hadn’t, there would be neither Mozart nor Beethoven. Tchaikovsky seventeenth century - the century of education and reason, was a turning point not only in the history of many countries and peoples, but also in the history of musical art. It was in this era that a new genre of instrumental music was born - a symphony.

Narrowed in the composer laboratories of many national schools, she received the classically completed embodiment in the work of the outstanding Austrian composer Haydn, not without reason the honorary title of “Father of Symphony” was firmly entrenched in him. For about 40 years, Haydn worked, mastering a new genre, writing during this time symphonies. At first he composed them intact.

In these experiments, there is still much more in common than individual; The sizes of symphonies are modest, the composition of the orchestra is small. The contours of the future cycle were gradually looming. Starting with the symphony, Haydn firmly establishes the 4-part of the entire composition. He turns more and more consistently to folk themes especially in slow parts and finals, resorting to the use of elements of the Czech, Moravian, Hungarian, Serbian folklore.

The scale of the symphony is expanding from year to year, it acquires a single dramatic orientation. By the end of the x. Haydn is working in detail on each partima, creating a masterpiece after a masterpiece. It is interesting to compare the pace of Haydn's work on symphonies at different Etadias of his creative path. In - 70s. As a result of the Haydn reform, the symphony has gained simplicity, clarity and at the same time inner wealth and integrity.

The composer managed to determine the boundaries of the symphony content and established a clear viable scheme of the symphonic cycle. In 4 diverse parts, the main figurative “situations” that were able to express the music of that time were able to express the rights of citizenship. The active, effective beginning of the 1st part, the calm concentrated thought of the second, the genre-house elements in the Menuet whose shape is decisively rethinking, turning this dance from the long, “arrogantly aristocratic” into naive, simple-minded, and, finally, the bold fun of the rapid final, these are in general mood and the images that Gaidn secured for each of the sections of the symphony.

Haydna also belongs to the merit of the formation of the classic composition of the orchestra. The Haydnovsky string orchestra, flute, 2 goboy, 2 faculties, 2 valtor, 2 pipes, litaurus served as the basis for the development and enrichment of this very perfect “instrument”. Haydn, as you know, has been working on the estate of princes Esthergazhy for 30 years, had the opportunity to constantly check their orchestral planes in practice.

It is no accident that the sound of groups is balanced in his orchestra, all the timbre patterns are transparent and embossed by the Haydn-symphonist entered the history of music as an objective artist who sought to embody “eternal” topics in his works. Hence - strong, juicy, sometimes somewhat rude grip, lack of sensitivity, sentimentality. Each tact of Haydnovskiy music breathes immediaries, sincerity, vigor.

No philosophicality, no tears, but what a wise and at the same time simple philosophy! However, Haydn not only sings the bright sides of life. His music is not alien to restless impulses, and excited pathetics, and drama. The symphonies of Haydn are rich and diverse. They brightly embody masculinity and strength, grace and femininity, sober clarity and severity of thought, a thin joke and an unexpected humorous effect.

It was necessary to have an outstanding creative courage and inexhaustible supply of energy in order to resolutely break through with such a full -blooded, “black -earth” perception of life into the stuffy world of frightened wigs, magnificent court festivities and ostentatious aristocratic pretentiousness.

And such a revolution on the shoulder is only brilliant artists and genuine innovators. Therefore, Haydna can be safely attributed to their number. There are 5 parts in it. The first 4 follow the traditional scheme that has already developed in Haydn by that time, and form an ordinary closed symphony cycle. And suddenly an unheard of innovation! V part, the final work, is designed at a slow pace, and besides, the development in it goes along the descending line of the decline in the dynamics, the gradual shutdown of the tools.

This was the first symphony in the history of music, ending with a slow part.