Derzhavin biography is complete

Derzhavin G. Derzhavin Gabriel Romanovich Derzhavin went down in history not only as a writer, he went from a guards of an ordinary to the Minister of Justice of the Russian Empire. He was the governor of the two regions and a personal assistant to Catherine II. He wrote the first unofficial anthem of Russia, participated in one of the first literary circles of the XVIII century, and then created his own - "Conversation of lovers of the Russian word." The literary heritage and the significant contribution of Derzhavin to the history of St.

Petersburg, and the whole country, cannot be overestimated, in memory of the poet on the embankment of Fontanka, the house works a memorial museum created in the family mansion of Derzhavin, in which the Derzhavins family couple lived since years. Brilliant St. Petersburg more than once becomes an acting face in Derzhavin's lyrics. We offer you to get acquainted with the article "The image of St.

Petersburg in the lyrics of Derzhavin." From generation to generation in the Derzhavin family, the legend was transmitted that their ancestor was a native of the Tatar family of Bagrim-Murza, who was baptized and transferred to Prince Vasily Great. Having accepted the baptism, the former warrior of the Big Horde became Ilya, from whose son the Derzhavin branch went. By the beginning of the eighteenth century, this family was impoverished - the father of the future poet, Roman Nikolaevich, after the section of the inheritance, remained with only ten serfs.

His wife, Fekla Andreevna, was also from a poor family, which didom the family to a very modest existence. Gabriel Derzhavin was born on July 14 near Kazan, in the family noble estate of Sokura. A year later, Derzhavins had a second son Andrei, and a little later daughter Anna, who died in infancy. It is curious that Gavrila Romanovich was born prematurely and, according to the customs of that time, was baked in bread.

The baby was coated with dough, laid on a shovel and for a short time several times put in a hot furnace. Fortunately, after such a kind of “treatment”, the baby survived, which, by the way, did not always happen. Father Roman Nikolaevich was a military man, so the family constantly changed their place of residence. He fell into the father of Gavrila with a consumption and resigned as a lieutenant colonel.

He died in November of the same year. Roman Nikolaevich did not leave any state, and the position of the Derzhavins family turned out to be desperate. Small Kazan estates did not bring income, and the lands received in the Orenburg region needed development. In addition, the neighbors, using the neglect of land management in the Kazan province, appropriated a lot of Derzhavin pastures.

Fekla Andreevna tried to sue with them, but her walks at instances with young children ended in nothing. To survive, she had to give one of the merchants some of the lands on eternal rental. Despite the fact that Fekla Andreevna could not give a prestigious education to children, the woman tried to do everything allless. Derzhavin’s training took place at home, teachers in arithmetic, literacy and writing were hired, basically they were church ministers.

Derzhavin later studied at the Orenburg school, graduating from it, young Gabriel captured the German language quite well, learned calligraphy and basic sciences. Soon the family moved to Kazan, where the young man had the opportunity to enter the gymnasium. However, the gymnasium could not boast of the quality of teaching, however, Gavril managed to get to the number of first students, and often the director took it to help in various matters.

In particular, the young man participated in the preparation of the Cheboksary plan, as well as in the collection of antiquities at the Bulgar fortress. Derzhavin’s favorite objects were drawing and technical sciences in which he demonstrated great successes. Here, a passion for reading appeared: the young man was sitting for hours at the books of Alexander Sumarokov, Mikhail Lomonosov, Vasily Trediakovsky.

Inspired by the work of the great geniuses, Gabriel decided to try his strength in a poetic field. But the first experience was unsuccessful - the rhyme did not go, the lines seemed clumsy. At that time, there was no man nearby who could give a beginner poet a good advice. The portraits of Gabriel Derzhavin in childhood and youth, however, did not give a job in the gymnasium Derzhavin.

Even in it was recorded in the St. Petersburg Engineering Corps. He was to go there at the end of his training, but confusion occurred in the capital, and in February Gavrila received a passport from the Preobrazhensky regiment, which obliged the young man to appear in the unit. There was nothing to do, and mother, having hardly obtained the necessary amount, sent her eldest son to St.

Petersburg. The authorities refused to fix their mistake, and the eighteen -year -old Derzhavin was enrolled in a musketeer company as an ordinary. Since Gavrila Romanovich was very poor, he could not rent an apartment and was settled in the barracks. Very soon, a competent young man acquired a considerable authority among the soldiers - he composed messages home for them, eagerly lending small amounts.

The soldiers lived in constrained conditions, constantly passed the drill, guard service, reviews and parades took away all his time, so it was possible to write poetry only in rare free minutes.The commanders were in good account, but he had neither ties nor influential patrons. Once he decided to ask for advance on his own, writing a letter to the associate of Empress Alexei Orlov.

As a result, the future poet became a corporal. This time the poet recalled as the most joyless period of his life. The army everyday life already weighed him, and then a coup d'etat began, in which the young fighter had to participate in the will of fate. As a result of the coup on the throne, Catherine II ascended. In the summer, Derzhavin settled with non-commissioned officers.

This, by his own admission of Derzhavin, had a bad influence on his morality, in the unit he added to the cards, the future poet contacted the cardigors and booze, and the military career began to fade into the background for him.

Due to Derzhavin’s pernicious hobby, one day almost unclenched the soldiers, he was so carried away by the game. Deciding to end a rampant life, Derzhavin moved to Petersburg. At this time, the plague raged in Russia, and at the quarantine outpost - at the entrance to the capital - the poet forced the poet to burn all his papers, everything that the author created for ten years fell into the fire: prose, poetry, translations from German.

Gabriel Romanovich lamented for a long time over the loss, and then began to restore the lost works from memory. The Smirnovsky “Portrait of G. He wrote“ Driving to the Kalmyks ”, in which he urged them to repent and not support peasant unrest. The financial situation of Derzhavin was difficult, and soon he wrote a letter to the empress with a listing of his merits.

The poet was appointed a college adviser and granted him a shower. The first to see the light was the ODA dedicated to the wedding of the future emperor Paul I. The work was printed in the year. In search of his style, Derzhavin for some time imitated Lomonosov, but he could not achieve the air lightness of Mikhail Vasilyevich. Later, the young author turned to the work of Horatio, whose Odes considered exemplary.

In the early years, the creator’s works were published anonymously on the pages of the St. Petersburg Bulletin. Without a signature, they came out to his “rulers and judges” and “key”. The literary community spoke of Derzhavin, but the reader still did not accept his elevated and pompous poems. Derzhavin fell in love with her at first sight, making sure that he was “not disgusting” his chosen one, Gavrila Romanovich got up and received a positive answer.

Ekaterina Yakovlevna turned out to be "a girl poor, but well -being." She did not try to influence her husband in any way, but she was very susceptible and had a good taste in any way. Among Derzhavin's comrades, she enjoyed universal respect and love. Derzhavin called his wife a cap of captivity - from the word "captivate" - and devoted many poems to her.

Molen, smart, very homemade and cheerful - Ekaterina Yakovlevna completely occupied his heart. She loved to cut silhouettes from paper and invented many other ways to laugh Gabriel Romanovich, who was prone to gloomy at times. Thoughts about God, about death, and the meaning of existence were familiar to Derzhavin even in the most joyful time of his life. But his wife approached, put his palms on his shoulders - and he smiled.

Ekaterina Yakovlevna Bastidon, despite the fact that it was during these years that Derzhavin finally gained his own literary style, in literary circles he was not too famous. Everything changed in the year when the poet wrote an ode “Felitsa” with dedication to Catherine II. The poet took the name from the pedagogical essay of the empress - "Tales of the Tsarevich Chlorine." In his poem, “Princess Kyrgyz-Kaisatskaic Horde” turned into the ideal of an enlightened ruler, the mother of the people.

The empress was so flattered by laudivals that she granted the poet a gold snuffbox, strewn with jewelry, stuffed with chervonets. The author’s creative breath was revealed with renewed vigor. The publication “Interlocutor” published his works one after another, among which were “Vision of Murza,“ Waterfall ”and“ God ”. The last essay brought Gabriel Romanovich all -Russian glory, veneration and recognition by the classic.

Throughout his life, the writer wrote several hundred poems that were published in dozens of collections. The poet began to complain to high positions. At the end of X, he was elevated to the rank of college adviser, received a solid salary and three hundred Belarusian peasants in service. The writer was appointed to the Senate, but a straightforward and fundamental character, uncompromising in decisions formed many enemies around him.

Derzhavin did not know how to get along with officials, and he was often transferred from place to place. Three years later, Gabriel Romanovich, as part of the Imperial Academy, created the first explanatory dictionary in Russia. In the year he was appointed the Olonets governor in Petrozavodsk, and in the year he was transferred to Tambov. This area was then one of the most backward in the country, but in a short time he managed to bring her to the prestigious list.

In the first year and a half, the governor managed to achieve great successes - a tax collection system was established, a four -year school was established, ensured by visual aids and textbooks, and the construction of new roads and stone houses was organized. In Tambov, at Derzhavin, the first printing house and hospital, an orphan house and an almshouse arose in the province, the theater opened.

Six years later, the poet went to the service personally to the empress: he became her secretary office. Catherine II, who intended to limit the powers of the Senate, entrusted Gavrila Romanovich to check his affairs. The poet, as always, reacted to the assignment with all responsibility and soon completely tortured the queen. He brought her whole piles of papers and spoke for hours about corruption in the highest nobility, which included her closest encirclement.

Catherine II already knew this very well and was not going to fight abuse and embezzlement. Catherine II tried to contact her assistant as little as possible, and soon the order determined Derzhavin by the senator.