Karamzin artist biography

Aphorisms on December 12 - years since the birth of Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin, an outstanding historian, the largest Russian writer, journalist, honorary member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences from the year. N. Karamzin’s contribution to Russian culture cannot be overestimated. It was Karamzin who largely determined the face of the Russian 19th century - the “golden” century of Russian poetry, literature, historiography, and source studies.

Thanks to linguistic searches aimed at popularizing the literary language of poetry and prose, Karamzin gave Russian literature to his contemporaries. Without him, Vyazemsky, Pushkin, Baratynsky, Batyushkov and other poets of the so -called “Pushkin’s galaxy” would hardly be possible. Nikolai Mikhailovich is associated with his birth and first children's period of life with the Orenburg Territory.

He was born on December 12, December 1 under Art. The father of the writer Karamzin, Mikhail Egorovich, in the rank of captain in the city of Neplyuev, by the decree of which he received free lands near the Buzuluk boron, on them he founded the village of Mikhailovka. Here the children of M. Karamzin were born from his first marriage: Vasily, Nikolai, Fedor, Catherine. At the age of four, after the death of his mother together, young Nikolai was taken away by his father to the Simbirsk Province in the village of Znamenskoye Karamzino.

The reasons for the move was M. Karamzin's concern for the formation of younger children. Subsequently, the childhood of the children of M. Karamzin passed in the Simbirsk estate and the city of Simbirsk, who had a huge influence on the future historian.

In his youth, the future writer was in the Orenburg estate of his father and, in a letter to his brother, recalled "Zavolzhsky blizzards and snowstorms." All the sons of Mikhail Egorovich Karamzin, following the family tradition, began their biography with military service with ordinary soldiers. Nikolai was enrolled in the service in the Guards Preobrazhensky Regiment in St.

Petersburg - the place where he spent three years. Prior to this, N. Karamzin studied at Moscow University. In the year, Karamzin retired as a lieutenant and never served again. He found his calling in literary and research activities, becoming a famous writer and historian. After a short stay in Simbirsk until July, he settled in a house belonging to a “friendly academic society”, became the author and one of the publishers of the first children's journal “Children's Reading for the Heart and Reason”, founded by N.

In the year, in the journal “Children's Reading in Moscow, Karamzin publishes its first translations, in which interest in European and Russian history is clearly visible:“ The Seasons ”of Thomson,“ Village evenings ”by Zhanlis, the tragedy of U. in the GG. Karamzin traveled to Western Europe, where he met many prominent representatives of the Education Kant, Herder, Viland, Lafater, etc.

Caramzin returned to Moscow and soon organized the publication of the monthly “Moscow magazine”, in which most of the “letters of the Russian traveler” was printed, which tell about revolutionary events in France, to turn it. “Lyodor”, “Poor Lisa”, “Natalia, Boyarskaya Daughter”, “Flor Silin”, essays, stories, critical articles and poems. To cooperation in the journal Karamzin attracted the entire literary elite of that time: his friends Dmitriev and Petrov, Khraskov and Derzhavin, Lviv, Needinsky-Meletsky, etc.

The articles of Karamzin stated a new literary direction-sentimentalism. The main feature of sentimentalism is that attention is primarily paid to the spiritual world of a person, in the first place are feelings, not reason and great ideas. The heroes of the works of sentimentalism have innate moral purity, non -dispersion, they live in the bosom of nature and love it very much.

Such a heroine is Lisa from the novel by Karamzin “Poor Lisa” this story was a huge success among readers, she followed numerous imitations, but the main significance of sentimentalism and in particular Karamzin’s novel was that in such works, the inner world of a common man was revealed, which caused the ability to empathize in others. In poetry, Karamzin was also an innovator: the former poetry, represented by Odams of Lomonosov and Derzhavin, spoke the language of the mind, and Karamzin spoke the poems of the heart with the tongue of the heart.

In years, Karamzin published the first Russian almanacs-Aglaya and Aonids, after an accession to the throne to Emperor Alexander I Karamzin, was made by the edition of the magazine "Bulletin of Europe" whose motto was "Russia is Europe", the first of the many Russian literary and political magazines, where the tasks of the formation of national self-awareness were set by the absorption of civilizational experience of civilizationalization West.

G. Derzhavin, M. Kheraskov, I. Dmitriev, V. Pushkin, the brothers A. Turgenevs, A. Voeikov, V. Despite the numerous composition of the authors, Karamzin have to work a lot and so that his name does not flash before the eyes of readers, he invents a lot of pseudo -aids. In the year, Karamzin practically departs from literary and publishing and proceeds to create the “History of the Russian State”, on which he worked until the end of his days.This is one of the first generalizing works on the history of Russia: in total, 12 volumes of research were written, Russian history was stated before the city of Karamzin became not just the first Russian -speaking book on the history of Russia, accessible to the wide reader.

Karamzin gave Russian people the fatherland in the full sense of the word. Before that, it was believed that before Peter I, who cut through the “window to Europe”, there was nothing at least any worthy of attention in Russia. In the course of work, Karamzin found the Ipatiev Chronicle, it was from here that the historian scooped up many details and details, but did not clutter up the text of the narrative, but carried them into a separate volume of notes that have special historical significance.

In his work, Karamzin describes the peoples inhabited by the territory of modern Russia, the origins of the Slavs, their conflict with the Varangians, talks about the origin of the first princes of Rus', their rule, creates a gallery of the characters of Russian people: princes, peasants, commanders, heroes of numerous battles “For Russian Land”, describes all important events of Russian history in detail after the publication of the “history of the state Russian ”emperor Alexander I was awarded to Karamzin the title of chief historiographer.

During his lifetime, 11 volumes of this grandiose labor were published, 12 volume was published after the death of Nikolai Mikhailovich. He also wore the rank of state adviser. Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin was the initiator of the organization of memorials and the establishment of monuments to outstanding figures of domestic history, one of which was a monument to K.

Minin and D. Pozharsky on Red Square in Moscow. Karamzin N. Therefore, one of its main goals was the further liberation of literature from Church Slavism. In the preface to the second book of the Aonida almanac, he wrote: "One thunder of words only deafs us and never reaches the heart." Karamzin also is working on simplifying syntactic constructions. Unlike Lomonosov, Karamzin sought to write short, easily visible sentences.

This day is a model of a good syllable and an example to follow in the literature. The third merit of Karamzin was to enrich the Russian language by a number of successful neologisms, which firmly entered the main vocabulary. The innovations proposed by Karamzin include such words that are widely known in our time as “industry”, “development”, “sophistication”, “concentrate”, “touching”, “entertaining”, “humanity”, “public”, “generally male”, “influence” and a number of others.

Karamzin was also introduced into the alphabet of the letter Yo. He was also introduced into Russian writing, one of the punctuation marks. Many believe that the heroine of the story “Poor Lisa” was named after the first wife of Elizabeth Ivanovna Protasova. A year after the wedding, Elizaveta Ivanovna died, giving birth to her daughter Sophia. The second wife of Karamzina was Ekaterina Andreevna Kolyvanova.

She was an illegitimate daughter of Prince A. The woman was famous for her beauty, was the owner of the salon in St. Petersburg, a lover of secular evenings. Being married to Ekaterina Andreevna, the writer became a father nine times. They had 5 boys and 4 girls. Nikolai Mikhailovich was a teacher of Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin, he was happy to observe the development of the poet’s talent.

Pushkin often visited the writer's house. In the first months of G. Karamzin survived the inflammation of the lungs and decided, on the advice of the doctors, to go to South France and Italy in the spring, for which Emperor Nicholas gave him money and provided his disposal of the frigate. But Karamzin was already too weak for traveling and on June 3, on the old style, on May 22, he died in St.

Petersburg, was buried in the Tikhvinsky cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra. As the writer Karamzin gave Russian literature the standard of noble independence, created the image of a thinker who put his own dignity and incomprehension of his beliefs above any vain considerations of a minute. As a journalist, he showed samples of all types of political publications that made in the future traditional for Russia.

As a reformer of the language, Karamzin defined the main line of development, demanded to write how they say and say how they write. As an enlightener, he played a huge role in creating a reader, introduced a book into home education for children. As a historian Karamzin created a work that belongs to his era and attracts the attention of modern historians and readers.