Grin Biography

Creativity after the revolution: “Scarlet Sails” and “Blinding World” 6. In the year, Green began to write.

During his life, the writer's work was called “frivolous”, he was accused of imitating the Western European authors of adventure novels, refused to print or completely forbidden. However, after his death, he nevertheless received recognition and glory of "Soviet romance." His father Stefan Grinevsky was a Polish gentry and participated in the January uprising of the year.

After that, he was exiled to Kolyvan, and five years later he was allowed to move to the Vyatka province. There he married the summer nurse Anna Lepkova. Green received primary education at home. Already at the age of five, he himself read the Jonathan Swift's “Liliput Country” Jonathan and became interested in books about distant countries, adventures, pirates and Indians.

In the year, Green entered the Vyatka Zemstvo Real School. So called educational institutions, in which they mainly studied natural science and mathematics. There, for the first time, the comrades began to call the future writer Green - abbreviated from the surname Grinevsky. In the second grade, he wrote a poem in which he ridiculed teachers. And on October 15, Green was excluded.

He lost the opportunity to enter the gymnasium and ended up in a four -class Vyatka city school. When Green was 13 years old, his mother died from tuberculosis. Soon, the father married a second time on the widow of Lydia Boretskaya. However, Green did not work out with the stepmother, and he settled separately. The future writer earned a lot: rewritten roles for the theater troupe and binded books.

And also - he wrote poetry about loneliness and sent to the capital's magazines, but they were not printed. He had only 25 rubles from his father. However, the writer recalled: “I had no doubt that I would take a paid sailor. I seemed to myself a strong, broad -shouldered, young guy, while I was a weak -breasted, narrow in the shoulders and stoop - but terribly hot -tempered and impatient.

” He wandered around the port for several weeks, lived in a night basement and spokely ate. Everywhere he was refused. And only at the end of August, the senior assistant to the Plato ship of the Russian Society of Transport still agreed to take him a student, but Green had to pay for food himself. The steamer ran along the Odessa -Batumi route. Green stood on the shift, cleaned in the hold, washed the deck, and manually moved the ship with ropes.

And although the sailor work soon began to cause him a disgust, the future writer liked the atmosphere on the ship. At night, it was nice to sleep at the pitching, it was pleasant to walk, swaying ... Something real beginning to perform around; All the beginning to respond to its purpose: to swim. Alexander Green. However, on the way back during the training boat rowing, he publicly ridiculed the captain and was fired.

Green returned home, but already in July, “decided to look for happiness on the side - away from a dull, stiff Vyatka, with her dogma:“ To be like everyone else, ”and went to Baku. There he worked as a laborer, a fisherman, inflated fur in a forge. I slept in the night and starving. Then Green went to the Ural gold mines in the hope of getting rich, but even there he encountered only heavy physical labor.

Then in the year he entered military service - an ordinary in the Orovsky Reserve Infantry Battalion. There, Alexander Green met the Socialist Revolutionaries and deserted. He was close to their hatred of a social system, but Green refused to participate in terrorist operations. For about a year, he promoted revolutionary ideas among workers and soldiers in different cities of Russia under the party name for lanky.

The lanky turned out to be an invaluable underground worker. Being once a sailor himself and having made a distant voyage once, he perfectly knew how to approach the sailors. He knew excellently the life and psychology of the sailor mass and knew how to speak her language with her. In his work among the sailors of the Black Sea squadron, he used all this with great success and immediately gained considerable popularity here.

For sailors, he was completely his own person, and this is extremely important. In this regard, none of us could compete with him. Naum Bykhovsky. Green was freed, but forbade him to live in the capitals. Green was arrested again for this. In prison, under the guise of a bride, he was visited by Vera Abramov, the daughter of a wealthy official, who shared revolutionary ideas.

Then, for four years, Green was sent to the Tobolsk province, but he fled and returned to the city under the name of the Malginov. He recalled: “Already tested: the sea, vagrancy, wandering showed me that this is not what my soul is craving for. And what she needed, I did not know. The words of Bykhovsky were not only an impetus, they were a light that lit up my mind and the secret depths of my soul.

I realized what I am thirsty, my soul found my way. " In them, the writer criticized army life, so censorship seized the entire circulation from the printing house. In December, he was printed in the evening issue of the newspaper Exchange Vedomosti under the name “A. M-in ", that is, the Malgins. Pseudonym "A. And a year later, his first collection of stories about the life of the Socialist Revolutionaries “invisible hat”-about the feelings of people whom fate “abandoned the revolution” came out.However, in the year the police discovered that the writer Green is a fugitive exiled Grinevsky.

By this time, he had already left the party and decided not to enter into any political circles anymore. Nevertheless, Green was arrested and sentenced to exile in the Arkhangelsk province. Vera Abramova, with whom the writer came closer by this time, ensured that he was allowed to marry, and then went with her husband to Pinega. There he wrote the romantic works “The Life of Gnor” and “The Blue Cascade of the Tutluri”.

Mostly stories about fictional distant parts and heroes with unusual names. Green wrote in one of the drafts: "Composition has always been my external profession, and the world of gradually revealed secrets of imagination was a real, inner life." Basically, actions took place in a fictitious country, which Later Literary critic Cornelius Zelinsky called "Greenland".

However, it looked quite real: the streets of some cities were like Sevastopol, and the heroes resembled the people of the turn of the XIX -XX centuries. They used phones and cars, read newspapers and went to art exhibitions, and also talked about public problems of that time. So, in the year, Green published the story “Zurbagan shooter”. One of his characters talked about the contemporary society: “...

The secrecy, suspicion, isolation, cold sarcasm, loneliness in views, sympathies and worldview developed ... The Hero of time is a lonely, powerless and proud person. And the terrorist of Blum from the "tragedy of the Swan Swan" literary critic Vadim Polonsky called "a parody of the carrier fashionable at the turn of the centuries of the idea of ​​a superman." They printed Green mainly in the “small” press: in “Thin” magazines “Argus”, “Blue Journal”, “Homeland”, “Spark”, “The whole world”, “Awakening”.

Thanks to Kuprin, the works sometimes published authoritative “thick” monthly “modern world” and “Russian thought”. And in years, the Prometheus publishing house released a three -volume with its works. However, as Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky recalled, “the attitude of criticism towards this peculiar writer remained arrogant and even somewhat dismissive,” “he was considered a“ representative of a lightweight-permissible genre ”and was not taken seriously.” In the fall of the year, his wife left Green, and his father died in Vyatka in Vyatka.

However, this period has become the most productive in his work. In the year, the writer began working in the popular magazine "New Satyricon" Arkady Averchenko. In addition, Green became interested in psychological prose. He studied work on psychology and psychiatry, so he was so accurately portrayed by the state of heroes that doctors could diagnose them. Psychologist Alexander Luria wrote that no one portrayed the work of the brain better than Green in the story “Returned Hell”.

Green himself said that revealing the “bizarre crack of the unconscious sphere” is one of the most important tasks of his work. Also among the "Greenland" stories were adventure stories, for example, "Bird Kam-Bu" of the year, and romantic novels, as the "Rene" of the year. Creativity after the revolution: “scarlet sails” and “shining world” in the year the police learned that Green spoke disrespectfully about Nicholas II in a public place.

The writer was sent from Russia, and he left for Finland. When Green found out about the February Revolution and the renunciation of the king, he returned to Petrograd on foot on the sleepers. About this in the year, he wrote an essay “On foot for a revolution”, in which he sang a coup. However, soon Green changed his opinion about the revolution: he described the meaninglessness of social coups in the stories “Excitement” and “Reni”.

And in the journal New Satyricon and in a small small newspaper Damn Listen began to print notes and feuilletons, in which he condemned the cruelty and atrocities of the new government. He wrote: "The idea that violence can be destroyed by violence does not fit in my head." However, in the spring of the year, opposition publications were banned. In August, Green was drafted into the Red Army, where he fell ill with a rash typhus and for almost a month he got into the Botkin Baracks.

After recovery, Maxim Gorky helped the writer get an academic ration and a room in the "House of Arts" on Nevsky Prospekt. Alexander Green called this work an earburmond, a fairy -tale play: despite an unpresentable reality, his heroes, like directors, turn the imaginary into reality. It was hard to imagine that such a bright, warmed by love for people, the flower could be born here, in the gloomy, cold and half -starved Petrograd, in the winter twilight of the harsh year; And that he is grown by man outwardly gloomy, inhospitable and, as it were, closed in a special world, where he did not want to let anyone in.

Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky. She was a widow and worked as a driver in the newspaper Petrograd Echo.